{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:34:38Z","timestamp":1791221678160,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,3]],"date-time":"2013-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Winclove Bio Industries and Pentax"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The role of diet in inflammatory bowel disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content>) is supported by migration studies and increasing incidences in line with Westernisation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To give a complete overview of studies associating habitual diet with the onset or relapses in ulcerative colitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UC<\/jats:styled-content>) or Crohn's disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A structured search in Pubmed, the Cochrane Library and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMBASE<\/jats:styled-content> was performed using defined key words, including only full text papers in English language.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010one studies were identified, investigating onset (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a035), relapses (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a05) or both (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01). Several studies reported high intake of sugar or sugar\u2010containing foods (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a07 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UC<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:italic> n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a012 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>), and low intake of fruits and\/or vegetables (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a05 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UC<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:italic> n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a010 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>) to be associated with an increased onset risk. However, these findings could not be confirmed by similar or higher numbers of other studies. A possible protective role was found for grain\u2010derived products in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> onset, but results were inconsistent for dietary fibre in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UC<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> and grain\u2010derived products in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UC<\/jats:styled-content>. No definite conclusions could be drawn for unsaturated fatty acids (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UFA<\/jats:styled-content>), protein and energy intake due to limited and\/or inconsistent results. Six studies reported on diet and relapse risk, of which only two (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UC<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:italic> n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>) had a prospective follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current evidence is not sufficient to draw firm conclusions on the role of specific food components or nutrients in the aetiology of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content>. Furthermore, large prospective studies into the role of habitual diet as a trigger of relapses are needed, to identify new therapeutic or preventive targets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,12]],"date-time":"2013-10-12T02:20:49Z","timestamp":1381544449000},"page":"1172-1187","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Review article: the association of diet with onset and relapse in patients with inflammatory bowel disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"C. E. G. M.","family":"Spooren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology \u2013 Hepatology Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism (NUTRIM) Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. J.","family":"Pierik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology \u2013 Hepatology Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism (NUTRIM) Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. P.","family":"Zeegers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism (NUTRIM) Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Complex Genetics, Cluster of genetics and Cell Biology Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. J. M.","family":"Feskens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Human Nutrition Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. A. M.","family":"Masclee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology \u2013 Hepatology Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism (NUTRIM) Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. M. A. E.","family":"Jonkers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology \u2013 Hepatology Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism (NUTRIM) Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0953-6205(00)00090-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21607"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.22965"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.02158.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01124.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.5.687"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.85"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21535"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-2980.2008.00355.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/63.5.741"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201100630"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1600556"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20968"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2011.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.58"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20903"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20330"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1208344"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00381.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.291.6500.971-c"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199409000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528708991950"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6139.768-a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mib.0000228998.29466.ac"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2012.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6066.943"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528309181832"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i34.4297"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01469792"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01313588"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"A prospective study of pre\u2010illness diet in newly diagnosed patients with Crohn's disease","volume":"116","author":"Octoratou M","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-011-0145-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6136.539"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199803000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MIB.0000158536.31557.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20333"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.01942.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000121412"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.192"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.56.662.842"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6193.762"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.280.6210.293-a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.290.6484.1786-a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.169078"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"Dietary habits as risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"7","author":"Tragnone A","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e3283352d05"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01411.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/32.9.1898","article-title":"Dietary fiber and nutrient intake in Crohn's disease","volume":"32","author":"Kasper H","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199201000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.40.6.754"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200502000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2010.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.313"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.024828"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-4-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.SGA.0000278169.35930.f8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-012-2373-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-28032010000100009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/67.5.919"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.295.6597.517"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92121-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529609010352"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2008.09.004"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","first-page":"CD005984","article-title":"Enteral nutrition for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease","author":"Akobeng AK","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","first-page":"CD000542","article-title":"Enteral nutritional therapy for induction of remission in Crohn's disease","author":"Zachos M","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","first-page":"CD005986","article-title":"Fish oil for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis","author":"De Ley M","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00041433-200202000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr044"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11225"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2011.141"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70476-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.72"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-11-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11632710-000000000-00000"}],"container-title":["Alimentary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fapt.12501","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apt.12501","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T14:52:51Z","timestamp":1696517571000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apt.12501"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,3]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apt.12501"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.12501","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-2813","1365-2036"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-2813","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2036","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,3]]}}}