{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T15:47:34Z","timestamp":1790610454648,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,6]],"date-time":"2014-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Histologically nonresponsive coeliac disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NRCD<\/jats:styled-content>) is a potentially serious condition diagnosed during the follow\u2010up of coeliac disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>) when patients have persistent villous atrophy despite following a gluten\u2010free diet (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFD<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>As current assessments of recovery are limited to invasive and costly serial duodenal biopsies, we sought to identify antibody biomarkers for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> patients that do not respond to traditional therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bacterial display peptide libraries were screened by flow cytometry to identify epitopes specifically recognised by antibodies from patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NRCD<\/jats:styled-content>, but not by antibodies from responsive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> patients. Deamidated gliadin was confirmed to be the antigen mimicked by library peptides using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content> with sera from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NRCD<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>15) and responsive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>45) patients on a strict <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFD<\/jats:styled-content> for at least 1\u00a0year.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The dominant consensus epitope sequence identified by unbiased library screening QPxx(A\/P)FP(E\/D) was highly similar to reported deamidated gliadin peptide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">dGP<\/jats:styled-content>) B\u2010cell epitopes. Measurement of anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">dGP<\/jats:styled-content> IgG titre by ELISA discriminated between NRCD and responsive CD patients with 87% sensitivity and 89% specificity. Importantly, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">dGP<\/jats:styled-content> antibody titre correlated with the severity of mucosal damage indicating that IgG <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">dGP<\/jats:styled-content> titres may be useful to monitor small intestinal mucosal recovery on a GFD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The finding of increased levels of anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">dGP<\/jats:styled-content> IgG antibodies in CD patients on strict GFDs effectively identifies patients with NRCD. Finally, anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">dGP<\/jats:styled-content> IgG assays may be useful to monitor mucosal damage and histological improvement in CD patients on a strict GFD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,7]],"date-time":"2014-01-07T02:56:55Z","timestamp":1389063415000},"page":"407-417","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Persistence of elevated deamidated gliadin peptide antibodies on a gluten\u2010free diet indicates nonresponsive coeliac disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"B. 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