{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T20:48:34Z","timestamp":1781383714920,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,16]],"date-time":"2014-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Villous atrophy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VA<\/jats:styled-content>) with intraepithelial lymphocytosis is the histological hallmark of coeliac disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>), but reported rates of mucosal recovery are variable.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the impact of age and other demographic variables on the probability of persistent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VA<\/jats:styled-content> on follow\u2010up biopsy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VA<\/jats:styled-content> on duodenal histology at all 28 Swedish pathology departments during the years spanning 1969\u20132008. We examined age, gender, calendar period, duration of disease and educational attainment to determine predictors of persistent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 7648 patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> who underwent follow\u2010up biopsy, persistent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VA<\/jats:styled-content> was present in 3317 (43%; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 42\u201344%). The effect of age on persistent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VA<\/jats:styled-content> varied according to time period; among those biopsied in the years spanning 2000\u20132008, the prevalence of persistent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VA<\/jats:styled-content> was 31%, and increasing age was associated with increasing rates of persistent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VA<\/jats:styled-content> (17% among those younger than 2\u00a0years compared to 56% among those \u226570\u00a0years). In contrast, persistent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VA<\/jats:styled-content> did not vary widely by age in earlier years. On multivariate analysis (restricted to the calendar period 2000\u20132008, 2\u20135\u00a0years after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> diagnosis), persistent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VA<\/jats:styled-content> was more common among males (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.43; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.07\u20131.90) and less common among patients with higher educational attainment (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> for college degree vs. &lt;2\u00a0years of high school 0.52, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.35\u20130.78).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of persistent villous atrophy has changed over time, with greater rates of healing in recent years. Social differences in persistent villous atrophy suggest that access and\/or education regarding the gluten\u2010free diet impact mucosal healing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,16]],"date-time":"2014-01-16T06:29:49Z","timestamp":1389853789000},"page":"488-495","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Predictors of persistent villous atrophy in coeliac disease: a population\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Lebwohl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Celiac Disease Center Department of Medicine Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York NY USA"},{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Unit Department of Medicine Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. A.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Rubio\u2010Tapia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. H. R.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Celiac Disease Center Department of Medicine Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. F.","family":"Ludvigsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Unit Department of Medicine Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics \u00d6rebro University Hospital \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2003.54"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/EVXT-851X-WHLC-RLX9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2007.02621.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.03992.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000066757"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655299750025390"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(03)01311-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03311.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcq076"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-159-3-201308060-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12510"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12164"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-9-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1320"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2012.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.03.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.03462.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2012.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.65.8.909"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31819de82a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-007-0055-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-277X.2007.00763.x"}],"container-title":["Alimentary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fapt.12621","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apt.12621","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T07:14:13Z","timestamp":1696490053000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apt.12621"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,16]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apt.12621"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.12621","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-2813","1365-2036"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-2813","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2036","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,16]]}}}