{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T16:08:17Z","timestamp":1791648497825,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,20]],"date-time":"2014-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1392854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Carcinoma of the gall\u2010bladder is the fifth commonest gastrointestinal tract cancer and is endemic in several countries. An association of chronic typhoid carriage and carcinoma of the gall\u2010bladder has been reported.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n \n To clarify whether chronic\n \n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n almonella typhi\n <\/jats:italic>\n carrier state is associated with carcinoma of the gall\u2010bladder.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A systematic search was conducted using\n MEDLINE<\/jats:styled-content>\n , PubMed,\n EMBASE<\/jats:styled-content>\n , Current Contents, Cochrane library, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Web of Science. Original data were abstracted from each study and used to calculate a pooled odds ratio (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and 95% confidence interval (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Of the articles selected, only 17 studies met full criteria for analysis. The overall\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n for chronic\n S. typhi<\/jats:italic>\n carrier state was 4.28(95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n : 1.84\u20139.96). Most of the studies were from South Asia especially India and China. When a subgroup analysis was performed according to region, a significant association was observed in South\u2010East Asia (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n : 4.13, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n : 2.87\u20135.94,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n value <0.01). Chronic\n S. typhi<\/jats:italic>\n carrier state was associated with carcinoma of the gall\u2010bladder based on detection methods of\n S. typhi<\/jats:italic>\n antibody levels (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n : 3.52, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n : 2.48\u20135.00,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n value <0.01) and even more so on culture (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n : 4.14, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n : 2.41\u20137.12,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n value <0.01). The association was prominent in controls without gallstones (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n : 5.86, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n : 3.84\u20138.95,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n value <0.01) when compared with controls with gallstones (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n : 2.71, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n : 1.92\u20133.83,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n value <0.01).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Chronic\n S. typhi<\/jats:italic>\n carrier state is an important risk factor among patients with carcinoma of the gall\u2010bladder. Given the high risk associated with this carrier state, management options should include either elective cholecystectomy or careful monitoring using ultrasound.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,24]],"date-time":"2014-02-24T12:31:43Z","timestamp":1393245103000},"page":"745-750","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["Systematic review with meta\u2010analysis: the relationship between chronic\n \n S<\/scp>\n almonella typhi\n <\/i>\n carrier status and gall\u2010bladder cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"V.","family":"Nagaraja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Whiteley\u2010Martin Research Centre Discipline of Surgery The Sydney Medical School Nepean Penrith NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. 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