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Furthermore, <jats:italic>IL28B<\/jats:italic> genotype is associated with changes of lipid metabolism and insulin resistance. A further <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GWAS<\/jats:styled-content> demonstrated that <jats:italic>ITPA<\/jats:italic> genetic variants protect <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> genotype 1 patients from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced anaemia. Another polymorphism in the patatin\u2010like phospholipase domain containing 3 (<jats:italic>PNPLA3<\/jats:italic>) is associated with hepatic steatosis. Difficult\u2010to\u2010treat hepatitis C patients homozygous for GG had an up to five\u2010fold lower chance of viral clearance on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEG<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBV<\/jats:styled-content> than non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GG<\/jats:styled-content> patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In chronic hepatitis B patients treated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEG\u2010IFN<\/jats:styled-content> several retrospective analyses of <jats:italic>IL28B<\/jats:italic> rs12980275 and rs12979860 genotypes yielded conflicting results which can be explained by the heterogeneity between the study populations. Some variants of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DP<\/jats:styled-content> locus (<jats:italic>HLA\u2010DPA1<\/jats:italic> A allele and <jats:italic>HLA\u2010DPB1<\/jats:italic>) protect against progression of chronic hepatitis B infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The determination of IL28B polymorphisms may be useful to individualise treatment options when using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEG<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBV<\/jats:styled-content> based therapies for chronic hepatitis C infection. 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