{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T06:17:45Z","timestamp":1789712265562,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,18]],"date-time":"2014-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1403049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intestinal permeability has been studied in small groups of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content> patients with contrasting findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess intestinal permeability at different sites of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GI<\/jats:styled-content> tract in different subtypes of well\u2010characterised <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content> patients and healthy controls (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content>), and to assess potential confounding factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content> patients and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content> underwent a multi\u2010sugar test to assess site\u2010specific intestinal permeability. Sucrose excretion and lactulose\/rhamnose ratio in 0\u20135\u00a0h urine indicated gastroduodenal and small intestinal permeability, respectively. Sucralose\/erythritol ratio in 0\u201324\u00a0h and 5\u201324\u00a0h urine indicated whole gut and colonic permeability, respectively. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content> groups and intestinal permeability and to adjust for age, sex, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>, anxiety or depression, smoking, alcohol intake and use of medication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ninety\u2010one <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content> patients, i.e. 37% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010D, 23% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010C, 33% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010M and 7% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010U and 94 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content> were enrolled. Urinary sucrose excretion was significantly increased in the total <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content> group [\u03bcmol, median (Q1;Q3): 5.26 (1.82;11.03) vs. 2.44 (0.91;5.85), <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.05], as well as in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010C and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010D vs. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content>. However, differences attenuated when adjusting for confounders. The lactulose\/rhamnose ratio was increased in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010D vs. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content> [0.023 (0.013;0.038) vs. 0.014 (0.008;0.025), <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.05], which remained significant after adjustment for confounders. No difference was found in 0\u201324 and 5\u201324\u00a0h sucralose\/erythritol ratio between groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Small intestinal permeability is increased in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010D compared to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">healthy controls<\/jats:styled-content>, irrespective of confounding factors. Adjustment for confounders is necessary when studying intestinal permeability, especially in a heterogeneous disorder such as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,19]],"date-time":"2014-06-19T03:40:54Z","timestamp":1403149254000},"page":"288-297","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Small intestinal permeability is increased in diarrhoea predominant <scp>IBS<\/scp>, while alterations in gastroduodenal permeability in all <scp>IBS<\/scp> subtypes are largely attributable to confounders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Z.","family":"Mujagic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division Gastroenterology\u2010Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Ludidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division Gastroenterology\u2010Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Keszthelyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division Gastroenterology\u2010Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. A. M.","family":"Hesselink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division Gastroenterology\u2010Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. W.","family":"Kruimel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division Gastroenterology\u2010Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Lenaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. M. 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