{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T01:31:27Z","timestamp":1783474287985,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,4]],"date-time":"2014-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aetiology for nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drug (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NSAID<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010induced small intestinal injuries has not been well characterised.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the risk factors of symptomatic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NSAID<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced small intestinal injuries, including diaphragm disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 1262 symptomatic patients who underwent videocapsule endoscopy and\/or double\u2010balloon enteroscopy, 156 consecutive patients were verified as having taken <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NSAID<\/jats:styled-content>s. Their <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CYP<\/jats:styled-content>2C9*2<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> *3<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>*13<\/jats:italic> single nucleotide polymorphisms (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNP<\/jats:styled-content>s) were determined by allelic discrimination with Taqman 5\u2019\u2010nuclease assays.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 156 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NSAID<\/jats:styled-content>s users, 31 patients (20%) were diagnosed with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NSAID<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced small intestinal injury. Multivariate analysis indicated that the presence of comorbidities and the use of oxicams (meloxicam, ampiroxicam and lornoxicam) or diclofenac were associated with an increased risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NSAID<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced small intestinal injury (adjusted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 2.97, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.05\u20138.41, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.041 and adjusted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 7.05, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 2.04\u201324.40, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.002, respectively). The combination of aspirin and non\u2010aspirin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NSAID<\/jats:styled-content> was more damaging than aspirin alone. Age, sex, concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors, indications for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NSAID<\/jats:styled-content>s use, duration of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NSAID<\/jats:styled-content>s use and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CYP<\/jats:styled-content>2C9*2<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> *3<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>*13<\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNP<\/jats:styled-content>s were unrelated. The use of meloxicam and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CYP<\/jats:styled-content>2C9*3<\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNP<\/jats:styled-content>s were significantly associated with an increased risk for diaphragm disease (adjusted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 183.75, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 21.34\u20131582.38; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.0001 and adjusted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 12.94, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.55\u2013108.36, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.018, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of specific <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NSAID<\/jats:styled-content>s and the factors interfering with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NSAID<\/jats:styled-content>s metabolism might associate with small intestinal injury, especially with diaphragm disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,5]],"date-time":"2014-07-05T01:20:28Z","timestamp":1404523228000},"page":"538-547","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Risk factors of symptomatic <scp>NSAID<\/scp>\u2010induced small intestinal injury and diaphragm disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Ishihara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Ohmiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Fujita Health University School of Medicine Toyoake 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