{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T12:36:26Z","timestamp":1791376586801,"version":"4.3.2"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,11]],"date-time":"2014-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1407715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The clinical presentation of organic and functional intestinal disorders can overlap and clinicians often rely on invasive and time\u2010consuming procedures to make a final diagnosis. Regenerating islet\u2010derived 3\u2010alpha (Reg3<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>) is detectable in the circulation of patients with intestinal graft\u2010versus host disease and patients with inflammatory bowel disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether serum Reg3<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> testing is useful for discriminating mucosal enteropathies from functional intestinal disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We prospectively included 47 patients with active coeliac disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACD<\/jats:styled-content>), 13 patients with refractory coeliac disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCD<\/jats:styled-content>), seven patients with common variable immunodeficiency (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVID<\/jats:styled-content>), 72 patients with active Crohn's disease, 22 patients with active ulcerative colitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UC<\/jats:styled-content>) and 28 patients with irritable bowel syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010related diarrhoea. Sera were also taken from 10 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> patients before and after 6\u201312\u00a0months of a gluten\u2010free diet (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFD<\/jats:styled-content>) and from 14 patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content> before and after induction therapy with Infliximab (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFX<\/jats:styled-content>). Sera of 119 healthy volunteers were used to determine the cut\u2010off value. Reg3<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> levels were measured by a commercial <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content> kit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Levels of Reg3<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> exceeded the cut\u2010off value of the assay in 43\/47(91%) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACD<\/jats:styled-content> patients, 13\/13(100%) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCD<\/jats:styled-content> patients, 7\/7(100%) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVID<\/jats:styled-content> patients, 65\/72(90%) Crohn's disease patients, 17\/22(77%) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UC<\/jats:styled-content> patients and one patient with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content>(4%). Reg3<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> levels distinguished mucosal enteropathies from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content> with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 96%. Reg3<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> levels significantly decreased in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> patients following a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFD<\/jats:styled-content> and in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content> patients after treatment with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFX<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reg3<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> is a serum biomarker of intestinal damage that, combined with clinical data, identifies patients who should undergo invasive tests for diagnosing enteropathies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,12]],"date-time":"2014-08-12T03:45:32Z","timestamp":1407815132000},"page":"974-981","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Serum regenerating islet\u2010derived 3\u2010alpha is a biomarker of mucosal enteropathies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"I.","family":"Marafini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Di Sabatino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo University of Pavia Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Zorzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Monteleone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Sedda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. L.","family":"Cupi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Antenucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Biancheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo University of Pavia Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Giuffrida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo University of Pavia Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Di Stefano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo University of Pavia Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. 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