{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T13:05:57Z","timestamp":1790514357405,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,4]],"date-time":"2014-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A link between histone deacetylases (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDAC<\/jats:styled-content>s) and intestinal inflammation has been established. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDAC<\/jats:styled-content> inhibitors that target gut\u2010selective inflammatory pathways represent a potential new therapeutic strategy in patients with refractory inflammatory bowel diseases (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To review the use of selective <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDAC<\/jats:styled-content> inhibitors to treat gut inflammation and to highlight potential improvements in selectivity\/sensitivity by additional targeting of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDAC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010regulating micro<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s (mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Original articles and reviews have been identified using PubMed search terms: \u2018histone deacetylase\u2019, \u2018<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDAC<\/jats:styled-content> inhibitor\u2019, \u2018inflammatory bowel disease\u2019, \u2018gut inflammation,\u2019 and \u2018micro<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDAC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of butyrate in distal colitis provided the first evidence that inhibition of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDAC<\/jats:styled-content>s decreases intestinal inflammation in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDAC<\/jats:styled-content> inhibitors, such as valproic acid, vorinostat and givinostat, reduce inflammation and tissue damage in experimental murine colitis. Potential mechanisms of action for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDAC<\/jats:styled-content> inhibitors include increased apoptosis, reduction of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine release, regulation of transcription factors and modulation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDAC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010regulatory mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDAC<\/jats:styled-content>2, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDAC<\/jats:styled-content>3, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDAC<\/jats:styled-content>6, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDAC<\/jats:styled-content>9 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDAC<\/jats:styled-content>10 isoforms seem to be specifically involved in chronic intestinal inflammation, justifying the use of selective inhibitors as new therapeutic strategies in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content>. Controlling mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s for these isoforms can be identified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pro\u2010inflammatory influence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDAC<\/jats:styled-content>s in the gut has been confirmed, but mostly in murine studies. Considerably more human data are required to permit development of selective <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDAC<\/jats:styled-content> inhibitors for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content> treatment. Inhibition of key <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDAC<\/jats:styled-content> isoforms in combination with modulation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDAC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010regulatory mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s has potential as a novel therapeutic approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,4]],"date-time":"2014-11-04T11:29:12Z","timestamp":1415100552000},"page":"26-38","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Review article: selective histone deacetylase isoforms as potential therapeutic targets in inflammatory bowel diseases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Felice","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Digestive Diseases Blizard Institute Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry London UK"},{"name":"IBD Unit Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Complesso Integrato Columbus Catholic University Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Digestive Diseases Blizard Institute Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Armuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBD Unit Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Complesso Integrato Columbus Catholic University Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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