{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:22:39Z","timestamp":1791922959008,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,6]],"date-time":"2015-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Noncoeliac gluten sensitivity (\n NCGS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) is a controversial emerging disorder. Despite reported symptoms related to the ingestion of gluten,\n NCGS<\/jats:styled-content>\n remains a diagnosis based on the exclusion of coeliac disease, given the absence of reliable biomarkers.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n \n To evaluate the prevalence, diagnostic exclusion of coeliac disease and the efficacy of a gluten\u2010free diet (\n GFD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) for\n NCGS<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A PubMed search was performed up to December 2014. According to consensus diagnostic criteria,\n NCGS<\/jats:styled-content>\n was defined as self\u2010reported gluten intolerance, negative coeliac serology and absence of villous atrophy. Studies evaluating the impact of a\n GFD<\/jats:styled-content>\n on patients with irritable bowel syndrome (\n IBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) were also included.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Prevalence rates of\n NCGS<\/jats:styled-content>\n (0.5\u201313%) differed widely. Seventeen studies, including 1561 patients (26 children), met the inclusion criteria for\n NCGS<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n HLA<\/jats:styled-content>\n haplotypes could not be linked to histology [normal or lymphocytic enteritis (\n LE<\/jats:styled-content>\n )] in 1123\n NCGS<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients.\n HLADQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2\/\n DQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n 8 haplotypes were present in 44% of\n NCGS<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients. After advanced diagnostic techniques in 189\n NCGS<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients combining\n LE<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n HLADQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2\/\n DQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n 8 haplotypes, 39 (20%) were reclassified as coeliac disease. There was a higher than expected family history of coeliac disease and autoimmune disorders in\n NCGS<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients. A\n GFD<\/jats:styled-content>\n resulted in variable results for\n variable<\/jats:styled-content>\n , but significantly improved stool frequency in\n HLADQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2 positive diarrhoea\u2010predominant\n IBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Prevalence rates for\n NCGS<\/jats:styled-content>\n are extremely variable. A subset of\n NCGS<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients might belong in the so\u2010called \u2018coeliac\u2010lite\u2019 disease. The benefit of a\n GFD<\/jats:styled-content>\n for\n NCGS<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients is currently controversial.\n HLADQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2 positive diarrhoea\u2010type\n IBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients might gain symptom improvement from a\n GFD<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,6]],"date-time":"2015-03-06T02:56:54Z","timestamp":1425610614000},"page":"807-820","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Systematic review: noncoeliac gluten sensitivity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Molina\u2010Infante","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Hospital San Pedro de Alcantara Caceres Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Santolaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Hospital San Jorge Huesca Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. S.","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Royal Hallamshire Hospital Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Ba\u00f1ares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario Mutua Terrassa Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"CIBERehd Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"398","article-title":"Proceedings: chronic diarrhea and gluten sensitivity","volume":"17","author":"Cooper BT","year":"1976","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)92427-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(80)90432-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2012.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-10-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5103839"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"BeckM.Clues to gluten sensitivity. 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