{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T12:21:17Z","timestamp":1777983677640,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,23]],"date-time":"2015-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Frequency of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC<\/jats:styled-content>) in hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction (HVOTO<\/jats:styled-content>) is unclear and risk factors in HVOTO<\/jats:styled-content> associated with HCC<\/jats:styled-content> are unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Aim<\/jats:title>To assess the incidence of HCC<\/jats:styled-content> and to identify risk factors for HCC<\/jats:styled-content> in primary HVOTO<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>In the consecutive primary HVOTO<\/jats:styled-content> patients evaluated between 1989 to 2013, the incidence of HCC<\/jats:styled-content> among HVOTO<\/jats:styled-content> was assessed in a retrospective cohort study and identification of the risk factors for HCC<\/jats:styled-content> in HVOTO<\/jats:styled-content> patients done by a case\u2013control study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Of the 421 HVOTO<\/jats:styled-content> patients, 8 had HCC<\/jats:styled-content> at presentation (prevalence 1.9%). Another 8 of the remaining 413 developed HCC<\/jats:styled-content> during 2076.2 person\u2010years follow\u2010up (mean 5.03\u00a0+\u00a04.65\u00a0years, range 0.08\u201320\u00a0years). The cumulative incidence of HCC<\/jats:styled-content> was 3.5% (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.28\u20139.2%) at 10\u00a0years. The case\u2013control study included 16 HCC<\/jats:styled-content> as cases and remaining 405 as controls. Controls were predominantly males (M:F \u2013 230:175), mean age 29\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010.3\u00a0years. Cases were predominantly females with an older age of 36.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a011.4\u00a0years (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.01, OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.06, CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.0\u20131.10%). Presence of cirrhosis (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001), combined inferior vena cava (IVC<\/jats:styled-content>) and hepatic vein (HV<\/jats:styled-content>) block (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.03, OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a05.58, CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.43\u201325.30%) and long\u2010segment IVC<\/jats:styled-content> block (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.02, OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a06.50, CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.32\u201332.0%) were significantly higher among cases than controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction is a risk factor for HCC<\/jats:styled-content>. The cumulative incidence of HCC<\/jats:styled-content> in HVOTO<\/jats:styled-content> is low and progressively increases over time. Those with liver cirrhosis, combined IVC<\/jats:styled-content> and HV<\/jats:styled-content> block and long\u2010segment IVC<\/jats:styled-content> block are at risk to develop HCC<\/jats:styled-content> and need active surveillance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,24]],"date-time":"2015-03-24T22:14:24Z","timestamp":1427235264000},"page":"961-971","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Incidence and risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"S. 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