{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T10:36:00Z","timestamp":1768818960317,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,13]],"date-time":"2015-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1428883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Szu-Yuan Research Foundation of Internal Medicine"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011912","name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["V104B-001 and V104C-072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["V104B-001 and V104C-072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Proton pump inhibitors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content>s) increase gastric <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> and impair defence mechanisms against ingested pathogens, which may result in the overgrowth of virulent <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> in the intestine and subsequent liver abscess.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the possible association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content>s use and cryptogenic liver abscess in Taiwan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a population\u2010based case\u2013control study using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database. A total of 958 adult cases of liver abscess and 3832 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched control patients were enrolled during 2000\u20132010. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>s) in patients using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content>s before cryptogenic liver abscess.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The adjusted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> associating current use of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content>s (prescription within the\u00a0past 30\u00a0days) with cryptogenic liver abscess was 4.7 [95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>), 2.9\u20137.8], and recent use of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content>s (prescription within the past 31\u201390\u00a0days) with cryptogenic liver abscess was 2.9 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 1.4\u20136.1). A dose\u2013response relationship was apparent for cumulative dose of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content>s within 90\u00a0days. Adjusted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> was highest among the patients receiving <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content>s more than 60 cumulative defined daily dose (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a06.5, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 2.8\u201314.9).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Proton pump inhibitor therapy within the past 90\u00a0days was associated with an increased risk of cryptogenic liver abscess.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,13]],"date-time":"2015-04-13T07:07:00Z","timestamp":1428908820000},"page":"1175-1181","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Proton pump inhibitor use significantly increases the risk of cryptogenic liver abscess: a population\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Y.\u2010P.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.\u2010J.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Public Health School of Medicine National Yang\u2010Ming University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.\u2010J.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine National Yang\u2010Ming University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.\u2010T.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine National Yang\u2010Ming University Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.\u2010P.","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine National Yang\u2010Ming University Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine School of Medicine National Yang\u2010Ming University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04874.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.092129"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12065"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1410.071254"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-56"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03912.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"627","article-title":"Clinicopathological analysis of liver abscess in Japan","volume":"10","author":"Okano H","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-008-0595-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.50.3.420"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033978"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/425616"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-013-0408-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"344","article-title":"Comparison of pyogenic liver abscesses of biliary and cryptogenic origin. 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