{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T22:49:07Z","timestamp":1792363747386,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,30]],"date-time":"2015-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Historically, the beneficial effects of the nonsystemic oral agent rifaximin on various gastrointestinal (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GI<\/jats:styled-content>) disorders have been attributed to direct antibiotic activity on gut microbiota. However, data are accumulating to suggest that other nonantibacterial effects may be involved in rifaximin efficacy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore the mechanisms of action of rifaximin that may underlie its clinical benefits in travellers\u2019 diarrhoea, hepatic encephalopathy and other cirrhosis complications, inflammatory bowel diseases, and irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gastroenterology experts convened a round\u2010table discussion to address clinical and pre\u2010clinical rifaximin data pertaining to select <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GI<\/jats:styled-content> diseases and the potential mechanisms of action that underlie rifaximin efficacy profiles. As preparation, the literature was searched for publications related to rifaximin, its mechanisms of action, and its efficacy in travellers\u2019 diarrhoea, hepatic encephalopathy and other cirrhosis\u2010related complications, inflammatory bowel diseases and irritable bowel syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gut microbiota dysbiosis and proinflammatory activities are thought to significantly contribute to disease pathophysiology of these conditions. Rifaximin may resolve gut microbiota dysbiosis by promoting <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GI<\/jats:styled-content> colonisation of beneficial bacterial species without drastic alterations in overall diversity. Rifaximin\u2010induced changes in the production and metabolism of bacteria\u2010produced agents (e.g. deoxycholic acid, lipopolysaccharides) also may help preserve normal gut microbiota. Rifaximin may suppress local and systemic inflammatory processes by preserving epithelial function (e.g. limiting bacterial translocation), modulating bacterial virulence and reducing proinflammatory cytokine production.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The commonality of pathological mechanisms underlying multiple <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GI<\/jats:styled-content> diseases and the ability of rifaximin to modulate the gut microenvironment (i.e. gut microenvironment modulator) may explain its diverse efficacy profile.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,30]],"date-time":"2015-11-30T17:21:02Z","timestamp":1448904062000},"page":"1-2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Introduction: understanding mechanisms of the actions of rifaximin in selected gastrointestinal diseases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"H. L.","family":"DuPont","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases The University of Texas School of Public Health Baylor College of Medicine Kelsey Research Foundation Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,30]]},"container-title":["Alimentary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fapt.13406","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apt.13406","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T17:06:35Z","timestamp":1694624795000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apt.13406"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,30]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apt.13406"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.13406","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-2813","1365-2036"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-2813","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2036","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,30]]}}}