{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:02:49Z","timestamp":1790388169276,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,30]],"date-time":"2015-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Disruption of the gut microbiota through use of systemic antimicrobials or activation of the mucosal inflammatory response by pathogens can cause dysregulation of the intestinal mucosa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore the mechanisms of action of rifaximin that may underlie its clinical benefits in travellers\u2019 diarrhoea (TD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A literature search was performed using the terms \u2018rifaximin\u2019 and \u2018L\/105\u2019 in combination with the terms \u2018in\u00a0vitro activity\u2019, \u2018diarrhea\u2019, \u2018microbiota\u2019 and \u2018gut flora\u2019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rifaximin has been traditionally identified as a nonsystemic, broad\u2010spectrum, bactericidal antibiotic. Evidence shows that the activity of rifaximin against enteropathogens in this setting is likely enhanced by its increased solubility in the presence of bile acids in the small intestine. Results of clinical studies show that although rifaximin is efficacious in TD, a clinical cure often occurs without apparent bacterial eradication and with minimal effect on the gut microbiota, suggesting an effect of rifaximin other than direct antibiotic activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although definitive studies on the effect of rifaximin on the gut microbiota in large cohorts of healthy volunteers or patients have not been published, pre\u2010clinical studies provide some insight. These studies have shown that rifaximin may have effects on both the pathogen and host, including direct effects on pathogenic bacteria (such as reducing the expression of bacterial virulence factors) and indirect effects on the host (such as inhibiting bacterial attachment and internalisation at the intestinal mucosa and reducing mucosal inflammation).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,30]],"date-time":"2015-11-30T17:21:02Z","timestamp":1448904062000},"page":"3-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Review article: the antimicrobial effects of rifaximin on the gut microbiota"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"H. 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