{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T04:38:33Z","timestamp":1774672713801,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,30]],"date-time":"2015-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content>). Although the microbiota's role in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content> pathogenesis, specifically Crohn's disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>), provides a rationale for antibiotic treatment, antibiotic use in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> remains controversial. Rifaximin, traditionally identified as a nonsystemic bactericidal antibiotic, may be therapeutically beneficial for inducing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> remission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the role of rifaximin in the management of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content> and its potential mechanisms of action.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A literature search using the following strategy: (\u2018inflammatory bowel disease\u2019 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> \u2018Crohn's\u2019 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> \u2018ulcerative\u2019), \u2018rifaximin\u2019 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AND<\/jats:styled-content> (\u2018barrier\u2019 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> \u2018translocation\u2019 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> \u2018adhesion\u2019 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> \u2018internalization\u2019 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> \u2018pregnane X\u2019), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AND<\/jats:styled-content> \u2018pregnane X\u2019 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AND<\/jats:styled-content> (\u2018Crohn's\u2019 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> \u2018ulcerative colitis\u2019 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> \u2018inflammatory bowel disease\u2019).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> data suggest rifaximin mediates changes in epithelial cell physiology and reduces bacterial attachment and internalisation. In experimental colitis models, rifaximin antagonised the effects of tumour necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 on intestinal epithelial cells by activating pregnane X receptor, which inhibits nuclear factor\u2010\u03baB\u2013mediated proinflammatory mediators and induces detoxification genes (e.g. multidrug resistance 1 and cytochrome P450 3A4). Rifaximin also inhibits bacterial translocation into the mesenteric lymph nodes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Accumulating evidence suggests that mechanisms of action of rifaximin in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content> may not be limited to direct bactericidal activity; therefore, rifaximin could potentially be redefined as a gut environment modulator.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,30]],"date-time":"2015-11-30T17:21:02Z","timestamp":1448904062000},"page":"27-36","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Review article: the potential mechanisms of action of rifaximin in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"R. 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