{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T04:36:54Z","timestamp":1771648614635,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,23]],"date-time":"2015-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010cardiac chest pain is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders. By recognising that gastro\u2010oesophageal reflux disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GERD<\/jats:styled-content>), oesophageal dysmotility and oesophageal hypersensitivity are the main underlying mechanisms of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCCP<\/jats:styled-content>, a more directed therapeutic approach has been developed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the value of the current therapeutic modalities for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCCP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Electronic (Pubmed\/Medline\/Cochrane central) and manual search.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Double\u2010dose <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content> treatment for two months is a reasonable first choice approach in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCCP<\/jats:styled-content> because <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GERD<\/jats:styled-content> is the most common aetiology. Studies evaluating the role of medical therapy in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCCP<\/jats:styled-content> patients with hypercontractile oesophageal motility suggest a limited value to muscle relaxants like calcium channel blockers (nifedipine, diltiazem), nitrates and sildenafil. While most trials evaluating pain modulators are small and many are not placebo\u2010controlled, these type of medications appear efficacious in both patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCCP<\/jats:styled-content> due to oesophageal dysmotility and those with functional chest pain. Cognitive behavioural therapy has been extensively studied in patients with functional chest pain with good results. Other psychological techniques such as hypnotherapy, group therapy or coping skills have been scarcely studied but appear to be effective in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCCP<\/jats:styled-content> patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medical, endoscopic and surgical therapeutic options are available for the treating physician, although some patients with non\u2010cardiac chest pain may require a multimodal therapeutic approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,23]],"date-time":"2015-11-23T05:25:18Z","timestamp":1448256318000},"page":"213-239","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Review article: the current treatment of non\u2010cardiac chest pain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"George","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology The Esophageal and 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