{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T12:56:44Z","timestamp":1780491404139,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,17]],"date-time":"2016-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic>\u2010negative gastritis has been increasingly reported. Molecular techniques as the polymerase chain reaction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>) may detect bacterial <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> in histologically negative gastritis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate of <jats:italic>Helicobacter <\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> in gastric biopsies for the daily diagnostics of <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic>\u2010negative gastritis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over a 5\u2010year period, routine biopsies with chronic gastritis reminiscent of <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic> infection, but negative by histology, were tested by using a <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> specific <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>. Subsequently, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010negative samples were re\u2010evaluated using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> for other <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic> species.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 9184 gastric biopsies, 339 (3.7%) with histological\u2010negative gastritis and adequate material were forwarded to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> analysis for <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> and 146 (43.1%) revealed a positive result. In 193 <jats:italic>H. pylori <\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010negative biopsies, re\u2010analysis using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> primers for other <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic> species, revealed further 23 (11.9%) positive biopsies, including 4 (2.1%) biopsies with <jats:italic>H. heilmannii sensu lato<\/jats:italic>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive biopsies showed a higher overall inflammatory score, more lymphoid follicles\/aggregates and neutrophils (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). No <jats:italic>Helicobacter <\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> was found in control biopsies of 48 patients with neither primer set (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001). In 274 patients with an endoscopic description, detection of <jats:italic>H. pylori <\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> was associated with ulcers and erosions (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). Over all, in 339 histologically\u2010negative gastric biopsies, <jats:italic>Helicobacter <\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> was detected in 169 (49.9%) samples with at least one primer set.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Molecular testing offers a sensitive and specific diagnosis to a selected group of patients, in whom adequate searches for bacteria by conventional histology have resulted in the unsatisfactory diagnosis of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2010negative gastritis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,18]],"date-time":"2016-02-18T20:36:19Z","timestamp":1455827779000},"page":"924-932","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["<i>Helicobacter\u2010<\/i>negative gastritis: polymerase chain reaction for <i>Helicobacter <\/i><scp>DNA<\/scp> is a valuable tool to elucidate the 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