{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:29:34Z","timestamp":1791559774567,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,7]],"date-time":"2016-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1457308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CH\/09\/002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CH\/09\/002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>With advancing liver disease and the development of portal hypertension, there are major alterations in somatic and visceral blood flow. Using phase\u2010contrast magnetic resonance angiography, we characterised alterations in blood flow within the hepatic, splanchnic and extra\u2010splanchnic circulations of patients with established liver cirrhosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare blood flow in splanchnic and extra\u2010splanchnic circulations in patients with varying degrees of cirrhosis and healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a single\u2010centre prospective study, 21 healthy volunteers and 19 patients with established liver disease (Child's stage B and C) underwent electrocardiogram\u2010gated phasecontrast\u2010enhanced 3T <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">magnetic resonance angiography<\/jats:styled-content> of the aorta, hepatic artery, portal vein, superior mesenteric artery, and the renal and common carotid arteries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In comparison to healthy volunteers, resting blood flow in the descending thoracic aorta was increased by 43% in patients with liver disease (4.31 \u00b1 1.47 vs. 3.31 \u00b1 0.80 L\/min, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.011). While portal vein flow was similar (0.83 \u00b1 0.38 vs. 0.77 \u00b1 0.35 L\/min, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.649), hepatic artery flow doubled (0.50 \u00b1 0.46 vs. 0.25 \u00b1 0.15 L\/min, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.021) and consequently total liver blood flow increased by 30% (1.33 \u00b1 0.84 vs. 1.027 \u00b1 0.5 L\/min, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.043). In patients with liver disease, superior mesenteric artery flow was threefold higher (0.65 \u00b1 0.35 vs. 0.22 \u00b1 0.13 L\/min, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), while total renal blood flow was reduced by 40% (0.37 \u00b1 0.14 vs. 0.62 \u00b1 0.22 L\/min, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and total carotid blood flow unchanged (0.62 \u00b1 0.20 vs. 0.65 \u00b1 0.13 L\/min, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.315).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rather than a generalised systemic hyperdynamic circulation, liver disease is associated with dysregulated splanchnic vasodilatation and portosystemic shunting that, while inducing a high cardiac output, causes compensatory extra\u2010splanchnic vasoconstriction \u2010 the \u2018splanchnic steal\u2019 phenomenon. These circulatory disturbances may underlie many of the manifestations of advanced liver disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,7]],"date-time":"2016-03-07T12:52:36Z","timestamp":1457355156000},"page":"947-954","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Differential visceral blood flow in the hyperdynamic circulation of patients with liver cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"N. C.","family":"McAvoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology University of Edinburgh Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Semple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Imaging Centre Queen's Medical Research Institute Edinburgh UK"},{"name":"Centre for Cardiovascular Science University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. M. J.","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cardiovascular Science University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"},{"name":"Clinical Surgery University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. J.","family":"Robson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Surgery University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Imaging Centre Queen's Medical Research Institute Edinburgh UK"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Royal infirmary of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. G. M.","family":"Jardine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Leyland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. S.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Imaging Centre Queen's Medical Research Institute Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. E.","family":"Newby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Imaging Centre Queen's Medical Research Institute Edinburgh UK"},{"name":"Centre for Cardiovascular Science University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. C.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology University of Edinburgh Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)67924-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528309182110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840080532"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/95.12.827"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0809139"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(97)80045-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11101541"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2292021128"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/he.2000.5852"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"Reduced hand temperature in patients with alcoholic liver disease","volume":"2","author":"Hauer JL","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199511000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(00)70263-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(89)91704-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"788","article-title":"Brachial and femoral artery blood flow in cirrhosis: relationship to kidney dysfunction","volume":"17","author":"Maroto A","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.12.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12653"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12721"}],"container-title":["Alimentary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fapt.13571","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apt.13571","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T12:34:58Z","timestamp":1695558898000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apt.13571"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,7]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apt.13571"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.13571","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-2813","1365-2036"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-2813","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2036","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,7]]}}}