{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T11:51:54Z","timestamp":1784721114809,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,3]],"date-time":"2016-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>One to 5\u00a0years of therapy of chronic hepatitis B with oral nucleoside analogues result in significant clinical improvements, but effects of more prolonged therapy are not well defined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe outcomes of chronic hepatitis B with long\u2010term lamivudine therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010two patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with lamivudine were followed for 3.2\u201319.5 (median\u00a0=\u00a016.1)\u00a0years. Therapy was switched to other agents (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a016) if patients developed lamivudine resistance and relapse of disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 22 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>eAg\u2010positive patients, 17 (77%) became <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>eAg negative, of whom 5 (23%) subsequently cleared <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>sAg. Among 20 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>eAg\u2010negative patients, 10 (50%) cleared <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>sAg. The time to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>sAg clearance ranged from 0.9 to 16.8 (median\u00a0=\u00a09.3) years. Lamivudine resistance arose in 24 patients (57%) of whom 6 (25%) lost <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>sAg. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>sAg clearance was not always accompanied by seroconversion; anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>s appearing concurrently in only five patients (33%). Nevertheless, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>sAg loss allowed for stopping therapy in all patients, none re\u2010developing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>sAg or suffering relapse; all having normal alanine aminotransferase levels and no (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a013) or unquantifiable <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV DNA<\/jats:styled-content> levels (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02) when last seen. In contrast, seven of 27 patients (26%) who remained <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>sAg\u2010positive died of liver disease or liver cancer or underwent liver transplantation, all of whom had cirrhosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Long\u2010term viral suppression with nucleoside analogues leads to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>sAg loss in a substantial proportion of patients, particularly if <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>eAg\u2010negative. Serious outcomes during the first 10\u201320\u00a0years of treatment occur largely among patients with pre\u2010existing cirrhosis who do not clear <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>sAg with therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,4]],"date-time":"2016-07-04T02:42:56Z","timestamp":1467600176000},"page":"380-389","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Long\u2010term lamivudine therapy in chronic hepatitis B"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Lingala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Diseases Branch Intramural Division National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. T.\u2010Y.","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beth Israel\u2010Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Diseases Branch Intramural Division National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Auh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIDDK NIH Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. G.","family":"Ghany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Diseases Branch Intramural Division National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. H.","family":"Hoofnagle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Diseases Branch Intramural Division National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28156"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22993"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300427"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199910213411702"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020681"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021812"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051285"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051287"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0802878"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61425-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.17912"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2012.05059.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/39.4.725"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00746-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"54","article-title":"Line probe assay for the detection of hepatitis B and C virus genotypes","volume":"1","author":"Stuyver I","year":"1996","journal-title":"Antiviral Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cccn.2004.11.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22930"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13634"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13630"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13272"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.16665"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.05.039"}],"container-title":["Alimentary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fapt.13707","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apt.13707","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T10:46:38Z","timestamp":1695552398000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apt.13707"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,3]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apt.13707"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.13707","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-2813","1365-2036"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-2813","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2036","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,3]]}}}