{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T20:06:04Z","timestamp":1791144364297,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,22]],"date-time":"2016-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1469145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Janssen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Traditionally, functional gastrointestinal disorders (\n FGID<\/jats:styled-content>\n s) are conceptualised as originating in the brain via stress pathways (brain\u2010to\u2010gut). It is uncertain how many with irritable bowel syndrome (\n IBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and functional dyspepsia (\n FD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) have a gut origin of symptoms (gut\u2010to\u2010brain pathway).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims<\/jats:title>\n \n To determine if there is a distinct brain\u2010to\u2010gut\n FGID<\/jats:styled-content>\n (where psychological symptoms begin first) and separately a distinct gut\u2010to\u2010brain\n FGID<\/jats:styled-content>\n (where gut symptoms start first).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A prospective random population sample from Newcastle, Australia who responded to a validated survey in 2012 and completed a 1\u2010year follow\u2010up survey (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 1900). The surveys contained questions on Rome\n III IBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n FD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n We found that higher levels of anxiety and depression at baseline were significant predictors of developing\n IBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n = 1.31; 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.06\u20131.61,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.01;\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n = 1.54; 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.29\u20131.83,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) and\n FD<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n = 1.28; 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.05\u20131.55,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.01;\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n = 1.55, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.32\u20131.83,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), respectively, at the 1\u2010year follow\u2010up. Among those people who did\n not<\/jats:italic>\n have elevated levels of anxiety and depression at baseline, subjects at baseline with documented\n IBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n (mean difference 0.34; 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.13\u20130.55,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.002; 0.81; 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.47\u20131.15,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) and\n FD<\/jats:styled-content>\n (0.38; 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.14\u20130.63,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.002; 0.92; 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.57\u20131.27,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), reported significantly higher levels of anxiety and depression at the 1\u2010year follow\u2010up. We calculated in one\u2010third of individuals a mood disorder precedes\n FGID<\/jats:styled-content>\n but in two\u2010thirds an\n FGID<\/jats:styled-content>\n precedes the mood disorder.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n While brain\u2013gut pathways are bidirectional, a major subset begin with gut symptoms first and only then psychological distress develops, implicating primary gut mechanisms as drivers of the gut and extra\u2010intestinal features in many cases.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,22]],"date-time":"2016-07-22T05:10:08Z","timestamp":1469164208000},"page":"592-600","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":303,"title":["Evidence that independent gut\u2010to\u2010brain and brain\u2010to\u2010gut pathways operate in the irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia: a 1\u2010year population\u2010based prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"N. A.","family":"Koloski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health & Medicine University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Macquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. J.","family":"Talley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health & Medicine University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05783.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"307","article-title":"Guidelines\u2010Rome III diagnostic criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders","volume":"15","author":"Foundation Rome","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Liver Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300474"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867415569801"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2008.01763.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.meg.0000231755.42963.c6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.41.3.394"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.03.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07716.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.148"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07156.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.117390"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70220-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200403000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.01.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.512"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-012-0729-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(12)62189-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.04.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12548"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1501505"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.04043.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","first-page":"835","volume-title":"Rome III: The Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders","author":"Whitehead WE","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","volume-title":"SF\u201012: How to Score the SF\u201012 Physical and Health Summary Scales","author":"Ware JE","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","volume-title":"Mail and Telephone Surveys: The Total Design Method","author":"Dillman DA","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.480"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-014-0379-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2008.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2008.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12080"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.063388"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1010529108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2010.01620.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/erm.10.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2876"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1004409"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.02.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13434"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12548"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-015-1076-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-1-29"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(01)00296-3"}],"container-title":["Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fapt.13738","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apt.13738","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T04:20:35Z","timestamp":1695529235000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apt.13738"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,22]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apt.13738"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.13738","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.726572630.793540390","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0269-2813","1365-2036"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-2813","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2036","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,22]]}}}