{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T03:30:03Z","timestamp":1776310203012,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,28]],"date-time":"2016-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004191","name":"Novo Nordisk","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010105","name":"Savvaerksejer Jeppe Juhl og Hustru Ovita Juhls Mindelegat","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010105","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Autoimmune hepatitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIH<\/jats:styled-content>) is characterised by liver inflammation with reversibility upon anti\u2010inflammatory treatment. Soluble (s)<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>163, a specific macrophage activation marker, is associated with inflammation in other liver diseases, but never investigated in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIH<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sCD<\/jats:styled-content>163 in patients with acute <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIH<\/jats:styled-content> and in complete and incomplete responders to standard anti\u2010inflammatory pharmacotherapy, and during follow\u2010up in treatment naive patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a cross\u2010sectional design, we studied 121 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIH<\/jats:styled-content> patients (female\/male 89\/32, median age 49 years); of these, we prospectively studied 10 treatment na\u00efve <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIH<\/jats:styled-content> patients during prednisolone treatment and tapering. Twenty patients had variant syndromes of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIH<\/jats:styled-content> and primary biliary cholangitis or primary sclerosing cholangitis. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sCD<\/jats:styled-content>163 was compared with markers of disease activity, severity and treatment response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the patients with acute <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIH<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 21), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sCD<\/jats:styled-content>163 was sixfold increased compared with the normalised levels in patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 32) with complete response to standard treatment [9.5 (3.3\u201328.8) vs. 1.6 (0.8\u20133.2) mg\/L, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01)], while the patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 27) with incomplete response had higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sCD<\/jats:styled-content>163 [2.2 (1.3\u20137.9), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05] than the complete responders. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sCD<\/jats:styled-content>163 was positively associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALAT<\/jats:styled-content>, IgG and bilirubin (rho: 0.45\u20130.59, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001, all), and negatively to external coagulation factors (rho:\u22120.34, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). In the treatment na\u00efve patients, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sCD<\/jats:styled-content>163 fell during high\u2010dose prednisolone treatment and tapering. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>163 expression in liver biopsies from patients with acute AIH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sCD<\/jats:styled-content>163 was markedly elevated in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIH<\/jats:styled-content> in the acute phase, normalised by successful treatment in complete responders, but remained higher in the incompletely responding cases. Our results demonstrate macrophage activation in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIH<\/jats:styled-content> paralleling disease activity, severity and treatment response, suggesting a role for macrophage activation in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIH<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,28]],"date-time":"2016-09-28T12:18:33Z","timestamp":1475065113000},"page":"1062-1070","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Single\u2010centre experience of the macrophage activation marker soluble (s)CD163 \u2013 associations with disease activity and treatment response in patients with autoimmune hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Gr\u00f8nb\u00e6k","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology &amp; Gastroenterology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kreutzfeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology &amp; Gastroenterology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Kazankov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology &amp; Gastroenterology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Jessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Sandahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology &amp; Gastroenterology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Hamilton\u2010Dutoit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Vilstrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology &amp; Gastroenterology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"J. 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