{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T20:59:02Z","timestamp":1788555542887,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,6]],"date-time":"2017-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pseudoachalasia is a condition in which clinical and manometric signs of achalasia are mimicked by another abnormality, most often a malignancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify risk factors that suggest presence of malignancy\u2010associated pseudoachalasia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this retrospective cohort study, achalasia patients newly diagnosed by manometry were included. Patients with a normal initial endoscopy, clinical and manometric signs of achalasia who were afterwards found to have an underlying malignant cause were classified as pseudoachalasia. Clinical and diagnostic findings were compared between malignant pseudoachalasia and achalasia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 333 achalasia patients [180 male, median age 50 (38\u201362)]. Malignant pseudoachalasia was diagnosed in 18 patients (5.4%). Patients with malignancy\u2010associated pseudoachalasia were older at time of diagnosis [67 (54\u201371) vs. 49 (37\u201360) years], had a shorter duration of symptoms [6 (5\u201310) vs. 25 (11\u201360)\u00a0months] and lost more weight [12 (9\u201317) vs. 5 (0\u201312)\u00a0kg). In 61% of the pseudoachalasia patients, the oesophagogastric junction (OGJ) was difficult or impossible to pass during endoscopy, compared to 23% in achalasia. Age \u226555\u00a0years (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 5.93), duration of symptoms \u226412\u00a0months (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 14.5), weight loss \u226510\u00a0kg (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 6.73) and difficulty passing the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OGJ<\/jats:styled-content> during endoscopy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 6.06) were associated with a higher risk of malignant pseudoachalasia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Advanced age, short duration of symptoms, considerable weight loss and difficulty in passing the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OGJ<\/jats:styled-content> during endoscopy, are risk factors that suggest potential malignancy\u2010associated pseudoachalasia. To exclude pseudoachalasia, additional investigations are warranted when two or more risk factors are present.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,6]],"date-time":"2017-04-06T06:55:17Z","timestamp":1491461717000},"page":"1449-1458","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Diagnostic features of malignancy\u2010associated pseudoachalasia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5137-3171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F. A.","family":"Ponds","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Academic Medical Centre University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. I.","family":"van Raath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Academic Medical Centre University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. M. M.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Academic Medical Centre University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. J. P. M.","family":"Smout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Academic Medical Centre University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. J.","family":"Bredenoord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Academic Medical Centre University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2005.00661.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4523.405"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4253\/wjge.v5.i9.450"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520510012118"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-89-3-315"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(87)90443-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"1327","article-title":"Features distinguishing secondary achalasia from primary achalasia","volume":"85","author":"Rozman RW","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01354553"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1091-255X(99)80097-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e31819b93e5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.175.3.1750727"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.49.1.145"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12477"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1052-5157(18)30071-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2011.01266.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199503000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01296916"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-3026.161465"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"2014","article-title":"Difficulties in the diagnosis of pseudoachalasia","volume":"89","author":"Tracey JP","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.196"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1012776"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199807000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2014.05.005"}],"container-title":["Alimentary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fapt.14057","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apt.14057","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T13:34:06Z","timestamp":1695476046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apt.14057"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,6]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apt.14057"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.14057","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-2813","1365-2036"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-2813","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2036","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,6]]}}}