{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T10:51:14Z","timestamp":1792839074303,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11-12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,9]],"date-time":"2017-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The primary and secondary prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBP<\/jats:styled-content>) is recommended in high\u2010risk patients with cirrhosis. Several studies evaluating the efficacy of rifaximin for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBP<\/jats:styled-content> prophylaxis have yielded conflicting results. Rifaximin has the potential advantage of preventing bacterial overgrowth and translocation without the systemic side effects of broad\u2010spectrum antibiotics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy of rifaximin in the primary and secondary prevention of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A literature search using five databases was performed to identify studies on the association between rifaximin and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBP<\/jats:styled-content>. We performed two meta\u2010analyses: (1) rifaximin compared to systemic antibiotics and (2) rifaximin compared to no antibiotics. Random\u2010effect modelling was conducted to determine overall pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>s).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five studies with 555 patients (295 rifaximin, 260 systemic antibiotics) compared rifaximin with systemic antibiotics. The pooled odds ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>) for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBP<\/jats:styled-content> was 0.45 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.16\u20101.27; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .13) in patients receiving rifaximin and strengthened on sensitivity analysis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.38, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.19\u20100.76, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .01). In the analysis comparing rifaximin with no antibiotics, there were five studies with 784 patients (186 rifaximin, 598 no antibiotics). The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBP<\/jats:styled-content> was 0.34 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.11\u20100.99; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05) in patients receiving rifaximin. In subgroup analysis, rifaximin reduced the risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBP<\/jats:styled-content> by 47% compared to no antibiotics for primary prophylaxis and by 74% compared to systemic antibiotics for secondary prophylaxis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rifaximin may be effective in preventing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBP<\/jats:styled-content> in patients with cirrhosis and ascites compared to systemically absorbed antibiotics and compared to placebo.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,10]],"date-time":"2017-10-10T03:02:36Z","timestamp":1507604556000},"page":"1029-1036","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Systematic review with meta\u2010analysis: rifaximin for the prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9588-9364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Goel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University Medical Center Palo Alto CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Rahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University Medical Center Palo Alto CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. H.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Stave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lane Medical Library Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6275-4989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. H.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University Medical Center Palo Alto CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(05)80280-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300779"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000311"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80201-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.03708.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840170215"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26359"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25532"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-287"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.30082"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-008-8060-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000704"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27941"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"S10","article-title":"Rifaximin, a nonabsorbed oral antibiotic, in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy: antimicrobial activity, efficacy, and safety","volume":"5","author":"Williams R","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev Gastroenterol Disord"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2004.00997.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/phrs.2001.0869"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000724"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-015-9688-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3182506dbb"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093909"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajme.2015.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12070"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","first-page":"315","article-title":"The role of rifaximine in the prevention of the spontaneous bacterial peritonitis","volume":"117","author":"D\u0103nulescu RM","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2010.09.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/tjg.2015.7782"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyn204"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13437"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13406"}],"container-title":["Alimentary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fapt.14361","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apt.14361","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T14:33:24Z","timestamp":1695479604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apt.14361"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,9]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11-12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apt.14361"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.14361","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-2813","1365-2036"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-2813","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2036","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,9]]}}}