{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T11:52:12Z","timestamp":1790077932790,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,22]],"date-time":"2017-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIDDK094868"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIDDK094868"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR001085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR001085"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Real\u2010world data quantifying the costs of increasing use of biologics in inflammatory bowel disease (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) are unknown.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To determine the outpatient\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      drug utilization trends, relative market share, and costs in the USA during a 9\u2010year period.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Truven MarketScan\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      Database was analysed for patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) during 2007\u20102015. National drug codes were used to identify prescription drugs; Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System J\u2010codes were used to capture biologic out\u2010patient infusions. Proportion of drug usage, relative market share and per\u2010member per\u2010year (PMPY) costs were analysed for biologics, immunomodulators, 5\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s and corticosteroids.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In 415\u00a0405 patients (188\u00a0842 CD; 195\u00a0183 UC; 31\u00a0380 indeterminate colitis; 54.67% female), utilization trends show a consistent rise in the market share of biologics during the 9\u2010year study period. The proportion of patients using biologics increased from 21.8% to 43.8% for CD and 5.1%\u201016.2% for UC. This contrasts a small decrease in immunomodulator and 5\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      use for CD and relative constancy of other classes including corticosteroids\u2010only use as primary\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      medication from 2007 to 2015. The average biologic\u2010taking patient accounted for $25\u00a0275 PMPY in 2007 and $36\u00a0051 PMPY in 2015. The average paediatric biologic\u2010taking patient accounted for $23\u00a0616 PMPY in 2007 and $41\u00a0109 PMPY in 2015. In all patients, the share of costs for biologics increased from 72.9% in 2007 to 85.7% in 2015 (81.7% in 2007 to 94.9% in 2015 in paediatrics).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The vast majority of costs allocated to out\u2010patient\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      medications in the USA is attributed to increasing use of biologic therapies despite the relative minority of biologic\u2010taking patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,22]],"date-time":"2017-11-22T04:22:41Z","timestamp":1511324561000},"page":"364-370","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":163,"title":["Market share and costs of biologic therapies for inflammatory bowel disease in the USA"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Children's Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center Division of Gastroenterology Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"MacIsaac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Children's Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center Division of Gastroenterology Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA"},{"name":"Division of Colorectal Surgery Department of Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. J.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Policy Department of Medicine Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z. M.","family":"Sellers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Children's Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center Division of Gastroenterology Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. A.","family":"Wren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Children's Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center Division of Gastroenterology Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Bensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Children's Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center Division of Gastroenterology Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Kin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Colorectal Surgery Department of Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2133-3598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K. T.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Children's Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center Division of Gastroenterology Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39547.603218.AE"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12727"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-012-2289-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-303376"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.207"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0142481","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142481","article-title":"Evolution of costs of inflammatory bowel disease over two years of follow\u2010up","volume":"11","author":"Valk ME","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21488"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.11237"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","unstructured":"Health Care Cost Institute (HCCI).Changes in health care spending in 2012. 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