{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T10:18:38Z","timestamp":1784801918053,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Endoscopic band ligation (EBL<\/jats:styled-content>) is used for primary (PP<\/jats:styled-content>) and secondary prophylaxis (SP<\/jats:styled-content>) of variceal bleeding. Current guidelines recommend combined use of non\u2010selective beta\u2010blockers (NSBB<\/jats:styled-content>s) and EBL<\/jats:styled-content> for SP<\/jats:styled-content>, while in PP<\/jats:styled-content> either NSBB<\/jats:styled-content> or EBL<\/jats:styled-content> should be used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Aim<\/jats:title>To assess (re\u2010)bleeding rates and mortality in cirrhotic patients receiving EBL<\/jats:styled-content> for PP<\/jats:styled-content> or SP for variceal bleeding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>(Re\u2010)bleeding rates and mortality were retrospectively assessed with and without concomitant NSBB<\/jats:styled-content> therapy after first EBL<\/jats:styled-content> in PP<\/jats:styled-content> and SP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Seven hundred and sixty\u2010six patients with oesophageal varices underwent EBL<\/jats:styled-content> from 01\/2005 to 06\/2015. Among the 284 patients undergoing EBL<\/jats:styled-content> for PP<\/jats:styled-content>, n\u00a0= 101 (35.6%) received EBL<\/jats:styled-content> only, while n\u00a0=\u00a0180 (63.4%) received EBL<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0NSBB<\/jats:styled-content>s. In 482 patients on SP<\/jats:styled-content>, n\u00a0=\u00a0163 (33.8%) received EBL<\/jats:styled-content> only, while n\u00a0=\u00a0299 (62%) received EBL<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0NSBB<\/jats:styled-content>s. In PP<\/jats:styled-content>, concomitant NSBB<\/jats:styled-content> therapy neither decreased bleeding rates (log\u2010rank: P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.353) nor mortality (log\u2010rank: P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.497) as compared to EBL<\/jats:styled-content> alone. In SP<\/jats:styled-content>, similar re\u2010bleeding rates were documented in EBL<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0NSBB<\/jats:styled-content> vs EBL<\/jats:styled-content> alone (log\u2010rank: P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.247). However, EBL<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0NSBB<\/jats:styled-content> resulted in a significantly lower mortality rate (log\u2010rank: P<\/jats:italic><0.001). A decreased risk of death with EBL<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0NSBB<\/jats:styled-content> in SP<\/jats:styled-content> (hazard ratio, HR<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.50; P<\/jats:italic><0.001) but not of rebleeding, transplantation or further decompensation was confirmed by competing risk analysis. Overall NSBB<\/jats:styled-content> intake reduced 6\u2010months mortality (HR<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.53, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.008) in SP<\/jats:styled-content>, which was most pronounced in patients without severe\/refractory ascites (HR<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.37; P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001) but not observed in patients with severe\/refractory ascites (HR<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.80; P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.567).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>EBL<\/jats:styled-content> alone seems sufficient for PP<\/jats:styled-content> of variceal bleeding. In SP<\/jats:styled-content>, the addition of NSBB<\/jats:styled-content> to EBL<\/jats:styled-content> was associated with an improved survival within the first 6\u00a0months after EBL<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T06:36:36Z","timestamp":1517466996000},"page":"966-979","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Betablockers do not increase efficacy of band ligation in primary prophylaxis but they improve survival in secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1336-7250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Pfisterer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine III Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Vienna Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory Medical 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