{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T03:50:07Z","timestamp":1771473007838,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,12]],"date-time":"2018-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Proton pump inhibitors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content>) are often used in patients with gastro\u2010esophageal reflux and peptic ulcer disease. A higher risk for infectious diseases and for pyogenic liver abscess has been reported in patients with prolonged <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content> intake. Although many patients have ongoing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content> treatment after diagnosis of liver abscess, there are no data available that focus on the prognostic impact of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content> treatment in these patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To analyse the effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content> treatment on mortality in patients with pyogenic liver abscesses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between January 2005 and March 2017, one hundred and eighty\u2010one patients with pyogenic liver abscess were retrospectively included in this analysis. Medical records including <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content> treatment, microbiological and imaging data were reviewed. The primary endpoint was index mortality and predictive factors were analysed using uni\u2010 and multivariate logistic regression models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred patients with pyogenic liver abscess (55.2%) were treated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content> compared to 81 patients (44.8%) without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content> treatment. In both patient cohorts, enterococcus spp. and streptococcus of the anginous group were the most common pathogens identified. Patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content> treatment had significantly higher index mortality compared to patients without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content> treatment (30.0% vs 11.1%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003). After adjusting for comorbidities <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content> remained an independent predictive factor with an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> of 2.56 (1.01\u20106.46, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.036).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content> treatment is associated with higher index mortality in patients with pyogenic liver abscess. Therefore, critical evaluation of the indication for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content> treatment is particularly important in patients at high risk for pyogenic liver abscess.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,12]],"date-time":"2018-01-12T10:18:46Z","timestamp":1515752326000},"page":"801-808","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Treatment with proton pump inhibitors is associated with increased mortality in patients with pyogenic liver abscess"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8782-8729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Bettinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine II Faculty of Medicine Medical Center University of Freiburg University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Berta\u2010Ottenstein\u2010Programme University of Freiburg 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