{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:32:13Z","timestamp":1790836333312,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":181,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]],"date-time":"2018-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002491","name":"Bristol-Myers Squibb","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002491","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Hepatitis B virus (\n HBV<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) infection is common with major clinical consequences. In Asian Americans, the\n HB<\/jats:styled-content>\n sAg carrier rate ranges from 2% to 16% which approximates the rates from their countries of origin. Similarly,\n HBV<\/jats:styled-content>\n is the most important cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (\n HCC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and liver related deaths in\n HB<\/jats:styled-content>\n sAg positive Asians worldwide.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n \n To generate recommendations for the management of Asian Americans infected with\n HBV<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n These guidelines are based on relevant data derived from medical reports on\n HBV<\/jats:styled-content>\n from Asian countries as well as from studies in the\n HB<\/jats:styled-content>\n sAg positive Asian Americans. The guidelines herein differ from other recommendations in the treatment of both\n HB<\/jats:styled-content>\n eAg positive and negative chronic hepatitis B (\n CHB<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), in the approach to\n HCC<\/jats:styled-content>\n surveillance, and in the management of\n HBV<\/jats:styled-content>\n in pregnant women.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Asian American patients,\n HB<\/jats:styled-content>\n eAg positive or negative, with\n HBV DNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n levels >2000 IU\/mL (>10\n 4<\/jats:sup>\n copies\/mL) and\n ALT<\/jats:styled-content>\n values above normal are candidates for anti\u2010viral therapy.\n HB<\/jats:styled-content>\n eAg negative patients with\n HBV DNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n >2000 IU\/mL and normal\n ALT<\/jats:styled-content>\n levels but who have either serum albumin <3.5 g\/dL or platelet count <130 000 mm\n 3<\/jats:sup>\n , basal core promoter (\n BCP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) mutations, or who have first\u2010degree relatives with\n HCC<\/jats:styled-content>\n should be offered treatment. Patients with cirrhosis and detectable\n HBV DNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n must receive life\u2010long anti\u2010viral therapy. Indications for treatment include pregnant women with high viraemia, coinfected patients, and those requiring immunosuppressive therapy. In\n HB<\/jats:styled-content>\n sAg positive patients with risk factors, life\u2010long surveillance for\n HCC<\/jats:styled-content>\n with alpha\u2010fetoprotein (\n AFP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) testing and abdominal ultrasound examination at 6\u2010month intervals is required. In\n CHB<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients receiving\n HCC<\/jats:styled-content>\n treatments, repeat imaging with contrast\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n scan or\n MRI<\/jats:styled-content>\n at 3\u2010month intervals is strongly recommended. These guidelines have been assigned to a Class (reflecting benefit vs. risk) and a Level (assessing strength or certainty) of evidence.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Application of the recommendations made based on a review of the relevant literature and the opinion of a panel of Asian American physicians with expertise in\n HBV<\/jats:styled-content>\n treatment will inform physicians and improve patient outcomes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]],"date-time":"2018-02-26T01:46:36Z","timestamp":1519609596000},"page":"1181-1200","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["An expert consensus for the management of chronic hepatitis B in Asian Americans"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8035-5105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. J.","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfleger Liver Institute Division of Digestive Diseases David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"Liver Center Huntington Medical Research Institutes Pasadena CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3723-6688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. Q.","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology NYU Langone Medical Center New York University School of Medicine New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.\u2010H. B.","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfleger Liver Institute Division of Digestive Diseases David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. S.\u2010K.","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Sciences David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Raman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Sciences David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3377-6553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.\u2010Q.","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of GI\/Hepatology School of Medicine University of California, Irvine Orange CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1126-8128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. K.","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale Liver Center and Section of Digestive Diseases Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. W.","family":"Hann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Disease Prevention Center Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sidney Kimmel Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. D.","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a021410"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Guidelines for the Prevention Care and Treatment of Persons with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection.http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/155081\/1\/WHO_HIV_2015.5_eng.pdf?ua=1&ua=1. Accessed August 18 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24804"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027717"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Death from liver disease and development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a prospective study","volume":"2","author":"Tong MJ","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-012-2137-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26286"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-10-0477"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-14-0491"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-011-1841-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.08.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199706263362602"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/kjhep.2009.15.S6.S13"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","first-page":"283","article-title":"The natural history of chronic hepatitis B infection","volume":"3","author":"Lau GK","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11373-007-9225-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000048271"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910300109"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2009.05784.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8553(21)00151-5","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus infection in Asian Americans","volume":"23","author":"Tong MJ","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Hepatitis B. Department of Communicable Diseases Surveillance and Response.www.who.int\/csr\/disease\/hepatitis\/HepatitisB\/_whocdscsrlyo2002_2.pdf. Accessed August 18 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-010-9179-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP2580"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1986.tb00279.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-015-9651-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.04.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.1.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)90585-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-008-9080-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2011.06695.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2007.04857.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2007.01585.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i41.6620"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-004-0552-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-009-1059-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2010.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-009-0747-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1047"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-002-6708-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.139.3.320"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3181b4b68b"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-015-9675-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28156"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90337-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)92355-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043470"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300313"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.34294"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)80436-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199807093390201"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","first-page":"573A","article-title":"High prevalence of significant fibrosis in patients with immunotolerance to chronic hepatitis B infection","volume":"42","author":"Wang C","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","first-page":"593A","article-title":"Significant histologic disease in HBV\u2010infected patients with normal to minimally elevated ALT levels at initial evaluation","volume":"42","author":"Nguyen MH","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","first-page":"720A","article-title":"Role of liver biopsy in patients with normal ALT and high HBV DNA","volume":"42","author":"Lai CL","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12590"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.065136"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840060203"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.1997.12.2.201"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10167"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2005.01041.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.119859"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i43.6848"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22476"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-1-200207020-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa066422"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_71_1","first-page":"808","article-title":"Tumor factors associated with clinical outcomes in patients with hepatitis B virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"8","author":"Tong MJ","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y)"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23952"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_73_1","first-page":"561A","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of entecavir in nucleos(t)ide naive Asians and HBeAg positive and \u2010negative chronic hepatitis B: Results from studies ETV\u2010022\/027","volume":"52","author":"Gish R","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa033364"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27889"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040431"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120810039"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21282"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132219"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.09.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051285"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051287"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13440"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0802878"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61425-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i18.5524"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(16)30024-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(16)30107-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02676.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_95_1","unstructured":"HEPSERA\u00ae(adefovir dipivoxil) Tablets [package insert].Foster City CA:Gilead Sciences Inc.;2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_96_1","unstructured":"Viread\u00ae(Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate) Tablets US Package Insert Gilead Sciences Inc. Foster City CA 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22885"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13659"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_99_1","unstructured":"Vemlidy\u00ae(tenofovir alafenamide) tablets [prescribing information]. Foster City CA: Gilead Sciences Inc.; 11\/2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26376"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13272"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28438"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13150"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365520903394550"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31825ceed9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.200"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2015.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2016.0047"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.05.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26549"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-307237"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28916"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21698"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(03)00388-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.19619"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.46.1.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200201040-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24318"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.223206"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP1417"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_122_1","unstructured":"First patient resistant to Viread found in Korea. Korean Biomedical Review Web cite.http:\/\/www.koreabiomed.com\/news\/articleView.html?idxno=758. Published June 26 2017. Updated June 26 2017. Accessed Januanry 16 2018."},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_13_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(09)63683-0","article-title":"Response to entecavir (ETV) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and prior suboptimal response to adefovir (ADV): interim report of a multicenter study","volume":"136","author":"Nguyen MH","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2011.01533.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/17474124.2016.1139450"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197504102921503"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_127_1","first-page":"644","article-title":"Hepatitis B surface antigen and chronic hepatitis in infants born to asymptomatic carrier mothers","volume":"131","author":"Shiraki K","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(84)80084-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.70.4.557","article-title":"Perinatal transmitted acute icteric hepatitis B in infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen\u2010positive and anti\u2010hepatitis Be\u2010positive carrier mothers","volume":"70","author":"Sinatra FR","year":"1982","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_130_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Pediatric hepatitis B treatment","volume":"5","author":"Komatsu H","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-008-9050-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-017-1315-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/516538"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2003.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2012.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112370"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_137_1","first-page":"CD004790","article-title":"Hepatitis B immunisation for newborn infants of hepatitis B surface antigen\u2010positive mothers","author":"Lee C","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_138_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A comprehensive immunization strategy to eliminate transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Part II: immunization of adults","volume":"16","author":"Mast EE","year":"2006","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2011.01492.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2008.01056.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02524.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-012-2187-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27034"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1508660"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1726-4901(08)70009-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12066"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i45.6645"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12640"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.06.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-014-0340-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1345718"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.10.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04198.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2007.00894.x","article-title":"Exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B infection after delivery","volume":"15","author":"Bogr MJ","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_159_1","first-page":"221","article-title":"The spectrum of HBV\/HCV coinfection: epidemiology, clinical characteristics, viral interactions and management","volume":"28","author":"Konstantinou D","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i5.554"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_161_1","first-page":"783","article-title":"Natural course and treatment of dual hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections","volume":"104","author":"Liu CJ","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2010.02408.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2008.05384.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2009.02080.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12578"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2016.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP2728"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/599110"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22883"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_170_1","first-page":"111","article-title":"Management of the Hepatitis B Virus\/HIV\u2010Coinfected Patient","volume":"23","author":"Sherman KE","year":"2015","journal-title":"Top Antivir Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328340fde2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa067710"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_173_1","unstructured":"Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV\u20101\u2010infected adults and adolescents. Department of Health and Human Services. January 10 2011;1\u2010166. Available athttp:\/\/www.aidsinfo.nih.gov\/ContentFiles\/AdultandAdolescentGL.pdf. Accessed August 18 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3281084e4d"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/317535"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-96-4-447"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2012.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27609"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.15704"},{"issue":"221","key":"e_1_2_13_180_1","first-page":"e3","article-title":"American Gastroenterological Association Institute technical review on prevention and treatment of hepatitis B virus reactivation during immunosuppressive drug therapy","volume":"148","author":"Perrillo RP","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_181_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recommendations for identification and public health management of persons with chronic hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"57","author":"Centers for Disease Control","year":"2008","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131545"}],"container-title":["Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fapt.14577","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apt.14577","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T11:02:22Z","timestamp":1719831742000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apt.14577"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]]},"references-count":181,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apt.14577"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.14577","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.732757224.793543455","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0269-2813","1365-2036"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-2813","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2036","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]]}}}