{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T13:57:10Z","timestamp":1790517430009,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,27]],"date-time":"2019-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>The pathogenesis of functional GI<\/jats:styled-content> disorders (FGID<\/jats:styled-content>s) is uncertain. However, underlying immune activation and psychological distress has been documented in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS<\/jats:styled-content>) and functional dyspepsia (FD<\/jats:styled-content>). Epidemiological data from the UK<\/jats:styled-content> suggest that FGID<\/jats:styled-content>s are linked to atopy and certain autoimmune diseases but this has not been confirmed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Aim<\/jats:title>To test if allergic or autoimmune diseases are independently associated with FGID<\/jats:styled-content>s, irrespective of psychological distress in a large population based study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>A total of 3542 people (mean age 57.9\u00a0years and 52.7% females) randomly selected from the Australian population, returned a mail survey (response rate\u00a0=\u00a043%). The survey asked about a physician diagnosis of autoimmune disease (scleroderma, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus) or allergic conditions (asthma, food, pollen and\/or animal allergy). The questionnaire assessed psychological distress and Rome III<\/jats:styled-content> criteria for FD<\/jats:styled-content> and IBS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Asthma, food, pollen and animal allergies, psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis were univariately significantly associated with IBS<\/jats:styled-content> and FD<\/jats:styled-content>. Food allergy (OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.66; 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.15\u20102.40, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.007), psoriasis (OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.81; 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.19\u20102.74, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.006) and rheumatoid arthritis (OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.68; 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.15\u20102.4, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.007) were independent risk factors for IBS<\/jats:styled-content>, controlling for age, gender and psychological distress. In FD<\/jats:styled-content>, asthma (OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.32; 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.04\u20101.68, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.025) and food allergy (OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.78; 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.28\u20102.49, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001) were independent predictors, controlling for age, sex and psychological distress.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>There is evidence that both atopic and autoimmune diseases are risk factors for FGID<\/jats:styled-content>s, independent of psychological distress, differing in IBS<\/jats:styled-content> and FD<\/jats:styled-content>. This provides evidence that different peripheral pathways may be involved in the pathogenesis of certain FGID<\/jats:styled-content>s.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]],"date-time":"2019-01-28T06:28:05Z","timestamp":1548656885000},"page":"546-555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Population based study: atopy and autoimmune diseases are associated with functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome, independent of psychological distress"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8647-5933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natasha","family":"Koloski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medicine University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW Australia"},{"name":"Australian Gastrointestinal Research Alliance (AGIRA) Newcastle NSW 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