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Age, sex, comorbidities, and medical visits were matched using propensity scores between both cohorts, and they were followed up longitudinally until 2012 to determine any new lymphoma development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 203\u00a0031 patients were included in each cohort with a mean follow\u2010up of 7\u20109\u00a0years. The lymphoma incidence rate was significantly higher in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content> cohort than in the non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content> cohort (29.4 vs 15.9 per 100\u00a0000 person\u2010years, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). After adjustment for comorbidities and medical visits, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content> infection was found to be an independent risk factor associated with the development of lymphoma (hazard ratio [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>]: 2.07, 95% confidence interval [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>]: 1.76\u20102.43, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001) and non\u2010Hodgkin's lymphoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>: 2.18, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.80\u20102.65, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001); specifically with an increased risk of diffuse large B\u2010cell lymphoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>: 2.69, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 2.05\u20103.52, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001), other B\u2010cell lymphoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>: 3.11, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.89\u20105.11, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001), and also for multiple myeloma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.63, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.10\u20102.42, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.016). The association was significant even after excluding lymphoma development within the first year (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>: 2.08, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.75\u20102.47, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic hepatitis B is temporally associated with a 2\u2010fold increased risk of lymphoma, particularly with B\u2010cell non\u2010Hodgkin's lymphoma, and also an increased risk for multiple myeloma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]],"date-time":"2019-01-25T11:41:31Z","timestamp":1548416491000},"page":"589-598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Chronic hepatitis B is associated with an increased risk of B\u2010cell non\u2010Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Tung\u2010Hung","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Hepatitis Research Center National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6202-0993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun\u2010Jen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Hepatitis Research Center National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tai\u2010Chung","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 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