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However, one\u2010third of the patients do not respond to the treatment. We have previously investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP<\/jats:styled-content>s) in genes involved in inflammation were associated with response to anti\u2010TNF<\/jats:styled-content> therapy among patients with CD<\/jats:styled-content> or UC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Aim<\/jats:title>A new cohort of patients was established for replication of the previous findings and to identify new SNP<\/jats:styled-content>s associated with anti\u2010TNF<\/jats:styled-content> response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Fifty\u2010three SNP<\/jats:styled-content>s assessed previously in cohort 1 (482 CD<\/jats:styled-content> and 256 UC<\/jats:styled-content> patients) were genotyped in cohort 2 (587 CD<\/jats:styled-content> and 458 UC<\/jats:styled-content> patients). The results were analysed using logistic regression (adjusted for age and gender).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Ten SNP<\/jats:styled-content>s were associated with anti\u2010TNF<\/jats:styled-content> response either among patients with CD<\/jats:styled-content> (TNFRSF<\/jats:styled-content>1A<\/jats:italic>(rs4149570) (OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.92, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.02\u20103.60, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.04), IL<\/jats:styled-content>18<\/jats:italic>(rs187238) (OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.35, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.00\u20101.82, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.05), and JAK<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic>(rs12343867) (OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.35, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.02\u20101.78, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03)), UC<\/jats:styled-content> (TLR<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic>(rs11938228) (OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.55, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.33\u20100.92, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02), TLR<\/jats:styled-content>4<\/jats:italic>(rs5030728) (OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 2.23, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.24\u20104.01, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01) and (rs1554973) (OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.49, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.27\u20100.90, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02), NFKBIA<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>(rs696) (OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.45, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.06\u20102.00, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02), and NLRP<\/jats:styled-content>3<\/jats:italic>(rs4612666) (OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.63, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.44\u20100.91, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01)) or in the combined cohort of patient with CD<\/jats:styled-content> and UC<\/jats:styled-content> (IBD<\/jats:styled-content>) (TLR<\/jats:styled-content>4<\/jats:italic>(rs5030728) (OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.46, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.01\u20102.11, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.04) and (rs1554973)(OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.80, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.65\u20100.98, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03), NFKBIA<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>(rs696) (OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.25, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.01\u20101.54, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.04), NLRP<\/jats:styled-content>3<\/jats:italic>(rs4612666) (OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.73, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.57\u20100.95, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02), IL<\/jats:styled-content>1RN<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>(rs4251961) (OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.81, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.66\u20101.00, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.05), IL<\/jats:styled-content>18<\/jats:italic>(rs1946518) (OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.24, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.01\u20101.53, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.04), and JAK<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic>(rs12343867) (OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.24, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.01\u20101.53, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.04)).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>The results support that polymorphisms in genes involved in the regulation of the NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u03baB pathway (TLR<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic>, TLR<\/jats:styled-content>4,<\/jats:italic> and NFKBIA<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>), the TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 signalling pathway (TNFRSF<\/jats:styled-content>1A<\/jats:italic>), and other cytokine pathways (NLRP<\/jats:styled-content>3, IL<\/jats:styled-content>1RN<\/jats:styled-content>, IL<\/jats:styled-content>18,<\/jats:italic> and JAK<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic>) were associated with response to anti\u2010TNF<\/jats:styled-content> therapy. Our multi\u2010SNP<\/jats:styled-content> model predicted response rate of more than 82% (in 9% of the CD<\/jats:styled-content> patients) and 75% (in 15% of the UC<\/jats:styled-content> patients), compared to 71% and 64% in all CD<\/jats:styled-content> and UC<\/jats:styled-content> patients, respectively. More studies are warranted to predict response for use in the clinic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]],"date-time":"2019-02-27T22:52:45Z","timestamp":1551307965000},"page":"890-903","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Polymorphisms in the NF<\/scp>kB, TNF<\/scp>\u2010alpha, IL<\/scp>\u20101beta, and IL<\/scp>\u201018 pathways are associated with response to anti\u2010TNF<\/scp> therapy in Danish patients with inflammatory bowel disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3916-4710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steffen","family":"Bank","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aabenraa Denmark"},{"name":"Viborg 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