{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:05:54Z","timestamp":1790726754856,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":191,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]],"date-time":"2019-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Functional dyspepsia, consisting of epigastric pain syndrome and postprandial distress syndrome, is a prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder. To date, only limited treatment options are available and conflicting results in terms of efficacy have been reported. Consequently, nonpharmacological treatment options are increasingly being explored for functional dyspepsia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To provide an overview of current pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment options for functional dyspepsia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A literature search was conducted on Pubmed and other sources to identify relevant studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acid suppressive therapy reduced symptoms in 30%\u201070% of the patients, with higher benefit in epigastric pain syndrome and superior effectiveness for proton pump inhibitors compared to H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010antagonists. Prokinetic agents, primarily used to treat postprandial distress syndrome, showed variable efficiency: 59%\u201081% responder rate for dopamine receptor antagonists, 32%\u201091% for serotonin\u20104\u2010receptor agonists and 31%\u201080% for muscarinic receptor antagonists. <jats:italic>H\u00a0Pylori<\/jats:italic> eradication, recommended in infected patients, was effective in 24%\u201082%. Refractory symptoms are addressed with neuromodulators. However, their efficacy in functional dyspepsia remains incompletely elucidated, available data showing symptom reduction in 27%\u201071% of the patients. Regarding herbal agents, peppermint oil reduced symptoms in 66%\u201091%, rikkunshito in 29%\u201034% and iberogast in 20%\u201095%. Lastly, acupuncture, cognitive behavioural therapy and hypnotherapy may help to provide symptom control, but research on their efficacy remains sparse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>None of the available therapies is effective in the majority of patients without being associated with major side effects. Developing new treatment options is challenging due to the heterogeneity of functional dyspepsia, the lack of readily identified target mechanisms and the poor association between pathophysiological disturbances and symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]],"date-time":"2019-03-29T00:24:01Z","timestamp":1553819041000},"page":"1134-1172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["Review article: treatment options for functional dyspepsia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9006-9287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imke","family":"Masuy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders University of Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6540-3113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Van Oudenhove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders University of Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3206-6704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Tack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders University of Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-014-1022-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000485408"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm14165"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(05)00153-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1501505"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-015-1076-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000332404"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"50","article-title":"Frequency of seropositivity of Helicobacter pylori in patients presenting with dyspepsia","volume":"25","author":"Naz F","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.533"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm.2013.19.2.233"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"3242","article-title":"Symptom\u2010based tendencies of Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients with functional dyspepsia","volume":"17","author":"Lan L","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i18.4585"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199812243392601"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2001.01014.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"747","article-title":"Symptom improvement after Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients with functional dyspepsia\u2010A multicenter, randomized, prospective cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Xu S","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2003.01695.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.curtheres.2006.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"964","article-title":"Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication in Iranian patients with functional dyspepsia: a prospective, randomized, placebo\u2010controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Yazdanbod A","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2013.1109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7187.833"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199910073411502"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9270(03)00432-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2000.00706.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-3090-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.1.40"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12178"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.19.2283"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199812243392602"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.04037.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.04240.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-309252"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i12.3486"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005582211673"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.1999.00634.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.40280.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-12-42"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.08.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-010-0334-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12444"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000339111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00751.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.51.4.502"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640613510904"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.16-106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","first-page":"Cd011194","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitors for functional dyspepsia","volume":"11","author":"Pinto\u2010Sanchez MI","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2000.00768.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02528.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41395-018-0258-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.118"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eem.10.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp070381"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"The effect of metoclopramide on antral emptying of a semisolid meal in patients with functional dyspepsia. A randomized placebo controlled sonographic study","volume":"36","author":"Dumitrascu DL","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rom J Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000065589"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","first-page":"Fc09\u201012","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of levosulipride, domperidone and metoclopramide in patients with non\u2010ulcer functional dyspepsia: a comparative analysis","volume":"9","author":"Singh H","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-017-0639-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2012.05011.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01535938"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","first-page":"976","article-title":"The effect of chronic oral domperidone therapy on gastrointestinal symptoms, gastric emptying, and quality of life in patients with gastroparesis","volume":"92","author":"Soykan I","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030006057900700208"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","first-page":"1230","article-title":"A double\u2010blind multicenter comparison of domperidone and metoclopramide in the treatment of diabetic patients with symptoms of gastroparesis","volume":"94","author":"Patterson D","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-011-0785-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","first-page":"637","article-title":"Effects of domperidone on gastric emptying: a crossover study using a continuous real\u2010time 13C breath test (BreathID system)","volume":"58","author":"Sakamoto Y","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Effect of domperidone on gastric emptying and secretion","volume":"55","author":"Broekaert A","year":"1979","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/tjg.2015.5122"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2014.851193"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3814"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000543"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870120618"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i48.7371"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","first-page":"224","article-title":"Does postprandial itopride intake affect the rate of gastric emptying? a crossover study using the continuous real time 13C breath test (BreathID system)","volume":"58","author":"Nonaka T","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2006.00869.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4292\/wjgpt.v8.i1.74"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","first-page":"626","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of itopride hydrochloride and domperidone in patients with non\u2010ulcer dyspepsia","volume":"52","author":"Sawant P","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(18)30751-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03256924"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa052639"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.132449"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","first-page":"747","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of cinitapride in functional dyspepsia","volume":"63","author":"Baqai MT","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","first-page":"468","article-title":"A double\u2010blind comparison of clebopride and placebo in dyspepsia secondary to delayed gastric emptying","volume":"7","author":"Bavestrello L","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00254238"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2011.06949.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2000.00742.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_1","first-page":"660","article-title":"Lack of effect of Helicobacter pylori on symptom improvement with a prokinetic medication, cisapride, in patients with non\u2010ulcer dyspepsia","volume":"88","author":"Gonlachanvit S","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.1998.00366.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1998.00368.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(01)80012-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.1995.tb00364.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1997.tb00338.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2000.00801.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_94_1","first-page":"1134","article-title":"Clinical efficacy and safety of cisapride and clebopride in the management of chronic functional dyspepsia: a double\u2010blind, randomized study","volume":"23","author":"Sabbatini F","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ital J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(04)00059-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.1998.00369.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_97_1","first-page":"177","article-title":"Prepulsid withdrawn from UK & US markets","volume":"19","author":"Griffin JP","year":"2000","journal-title":"Adverse Drug React Toxicol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.12237FP"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2011.01809.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12623"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2010.51.1.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-010-0292-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04723.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2002.01236.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200868070-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-009-1049-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_108_1","first-page":"1906","article-title":"Tegaserod treatment for dysmotility\u2010like functional dyspepsia: results of two randomized, controlled trials","volume":"103","author":"Vakil N","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_109_1","first-page":"179","article-title":"Exploratory study of tegaserod for dyspepsia in women receiving PPIs for heartburn","author":"Vakil N","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Drug Inf"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2001.01103.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2010.01613.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/03007990802222832"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03521.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_114_1","first-page":"112","article-title":"Tegaserod withdrawal from the world market. A treatment for constipation with cardiovascular adverse effects","volume":"17","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prescrire Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23274-9_15"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12991"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2152\/jmi.63.230"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2009.01261.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_119_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Z\u2010338 facilitates acetylcholine release from enteric neurons due to blockade of muscarinic autoreceptors in guinea pig stomach","volume":"294","author":"Ogishima M","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-016-1260-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2012.01897.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2008.01135.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12367"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13284"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301454"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2009.01449.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.11.279"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.02021.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/egh.09.73"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.148"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1998.00160.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04775.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.09.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i22.5260"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13146"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.02.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157798"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.06.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.23736\/S0026-4806.17.05320-4","article-title":"Gastric emptying and related symptoms in patients treated with buspirone, amitriptyline or clebopride: a \"real world\" study by 13C\u2010octanoic Acid Breath Test","volume":"108","author":"Caviglia GP","year":"2017","journal-title":"Minerva Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.427"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2000.00873.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1089"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-007-2067-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_146_1","first-page":"925","article-title":"Treatment of functional dyspepsia with a fixed peppermint oil and caraway oil combination preparation as compared to cisapride. A multicenter, reference\u2010controlled double\u2010blind equivalence study","volume":"49","author":"Madisch A","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(17)31314-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13132"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i1.105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_150_1","first-page":"146","article-title":"The effect of ginger (Zingiber officinalis) and artichoke (Cynara cardunculus) extract supplementation on gastric motility: a pilot randomized study in healthy volunteers","volume":"20","author":"Lazzini S","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.49.3803"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12348"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13319"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13074"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-017-0578-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2006.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2006.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01142.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2008.01249.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000076546"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.01183.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04979.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_163_1","first-page":"94","article-title":"Which subtype of functional dyspepsia patients responses better to acupuncture? a retrospective analysis of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"Ma T","year":"2015","journal-title":"Forsch Komplementmed"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2008.01164.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13168"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13316"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-28032013000200036"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2016.0208"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09856-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9412-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/860463"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-12-87"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2015.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2012.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03277.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.37071"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.02881.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i6.1893"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000249734.99065.6f"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.11.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm16214"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(18)30003-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_183_1","article-title":"Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and associations for Rome IV functional nausea and vomiting disorders in adults","author":"Aziz I","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.499"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_185_1","volume-title":"Duodenal implications in the pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia","author":"Vanheel H","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm18060"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-312574"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.33663"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13945"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2018.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13753"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.265"}],"container-title":["Alimentary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fapt.15191","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apt.15191","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T06:12:22Z","timestamp":1694326342000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apt.15191"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]]},"references-count":191,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apt.15191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.15191","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-2813","1365-2036"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-2813","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2036","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-11-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-01-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-03-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}