{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:29:42Z","timestamp":1790360982678,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]],"date-time":"2019-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002996","name":"Hartstichting","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002996","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver condition. A major current research effort is ongoing to find potential strategies to treat NAFLD\u2010non\u2010alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), with special attention to the gut microbiota. Multiple animal studies and pilot clinical trials are assessing different gut microbiota modulating strategies such as faecal microbiota transplantation, antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review the role of microbiota in NAFLD\u2010NASH and determine whether pro\u2010 and prebiotics have potential as treatment<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Information was obtained from critically reviewing literature on PubMed on targeting the gut microbiota in NAFLD. Search terms included NAFLD, NASH, non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease, steatohepatitis; combined with microbiome, microbiota, gut bacteria, probiotics and prebiotics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Animal studies and the first emerging studies in humans show promising results for both the common probiotics\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococci<\/jats:italic>\n                      as for short chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate\u2010producing bacteria. Also, prebiotics have positive effects on different mechanisms underlying NAFLD\u2010NASH.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The most promising strategies thus far developed to alter the microbiome in NAFLD\u2010NASH are probiotics and prebiotics. However, pre\u2010 and probiotic treatment of NAFLD\u2010NASH is relatively new and still under development. Actual understanding of the involved mechanisms is lacking and changes in the intestinal microbiota composition after treatment are rarely measured. Furthermore, large clinical trials with comparative endpoints are unavailable. Personalised treatment based on metagenomics gut microbiota analysis will probably be part of the future diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD\u2010NASH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]],"date-time":"2019-08-02T10:23:26Z","timestamp":1564741406000},"page":"628-639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Review article: can bugs be drugs? 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