{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T14:09:28Z","timestamp":1782742168034,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,25]],"date-time":"2019-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use may alter the gut microbiome and increase the risk of cholangitis. However, the association of PPI use with the risk of incident cholangitis has not been evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate whether PPI use was associated with a higher risk of cholangitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cohort study included a nationwide representative sample of the Korean general population followed up for 10\u00a0years (1 January 2003 to 31 December 2013). PPI use was identified from treatment claims and considered as a time\u2010varying variable. Incident cholangitis was identified from hospitalisation and out\u2010patient visit claims.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During 4\u00a0212\u00a0003 person\u2010years of follow\u2010up, 58,863 participants had at least one PPI prescription and 1\u00a0834 participants developed cholangitis. The age\u2010, sex\u2010, residential area\u2010 and income\u2010adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for incident cholangitis comparing PPI use with non\u2010use was 6.06 (95% CI, 4.64\u20107.91). The association was essentially unchanged in fully adjusted models (HR 5.75; 95% CI, 4.39\u20107.54). The risk was highest during PPI treatment and decreased gradually after PPI discontinuation (P<jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\u00a0&lt;.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this large cohort, PPI use was associated with an increased risk of cholangitis. Physicians prescribing PPIs should consider cholangitis as a potential complication of PPI use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,26]],"date-time":"2019-08-26T04:23:42Z","timestamp":1566793422000},"page":"760-768","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Use of proton pump inhibitors and the risk of cholangitis: a nationwide cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7471-1305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang Won","family":"Min","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danbee","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation 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