{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:08:51Z","timestamp":1791828531119,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]],"date-time":"2019-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"ImmusanT, Inc."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Coeliac disease patients on a gluten\u2010free diet experience reactions to gluten, but these are not well characterised or understood. Systemic cytokine release was recently linked to reactivation of gluten immunity in coeliac disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To define the nature and time\u2010course of symptoms and interleukin\u20102 changes specific for coeliac disease patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>25 coeliac disease patients on a gluten\u2010free diet and 25 healthy volunteers consumed a standardised 6 gram gluten challenge. Coeliac Disease Patient\u2010Reported Outcome survey and global digestive symptom assessment were completed hourly up to 6 hours after gluten. Adverse events over 48\u00a0hours were recorded. Serum interleukin\u20102 was measured at baseline, and 2, 4 and 6\u00a0hours.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum interleukin\u20102 was always undetectable in healthy controls, whereas it was undetectable at baseline and elevated &gt;0.5\u00a0pg\/ml at 4\u00a0hours in 92% of coeliac disease patients. All patient\u2010reported outcome severity scores increased significantly after gluten in coeliac disease patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001 Wilcoxon signed rank test), but not in controls. Symptoms began after 1\u00a0hour, and peaked in the third. Nausea and vomiting characterised severe reactions, but mild reactions were limited to headache and tiredness. Peak interleukin\u20102 correlated with symptom severity, particularly for nausea and vomiting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum interleukin\u20102 elevations correlate with timing and severity of symptoms after gluten in coeliac disease. Standardised bolus gluten food challenge and interleukin\u20102 assessment could provide a valuable clinical test to monitor and diagnose coeliac disease in patients established on a gluten\u2010free diet.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]],"date-time":"2019-09-04T15:37:59Z","timestamp":1567611479000},"page":"901-910","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Elevated serum interleukin\u20102 after gluten correlates with symptoms and is a potential diagnostic biomarker for coeliac disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7687-9654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason A.","family":"Tye\u2010Din","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Division, Department of Medical Biology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. 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Cambridge MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0764-7267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert P.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ImmusanT, Inc. 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