{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T11:53:05Z","timestamp":1779105185004,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 5T32DK060414\u201014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 5T32DK060414\u201014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011074","name":"Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 DK026743"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 DK026743"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011074","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic hepatitis B infection is an important contributor to mortality in the United States, yet impact of available and effective oral antivirals on mortality among infected individuals is unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare risks and predictors of mortality in a recent time period between those with chronic, prior and no hepatitis B infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a population\u2010based cohort study of National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys participants between 1999 and 2014 linked to National Death Index data. Adults aged 20\u00a0years or older with hepatitis B serologic testing were included. Outcomes of all\u2010cause and liver\u2010related mortality were evaluated using Cox regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 39\u00a0206 participants, 192 (0.5%) had chronic and 2694 (6.9%) had prior hepatitis B infection. The all\u2010cause age\/sex\u2010standardised mortality rates for chronic, prior and uninfected were 21.4, 15.1 and 11.8 per 1000 person\u2010years respectively. Liver\u2010related mortality occurred at respective rates of 4.1, 0.3 and 0.1 per 1000 person\u2010years. In multivariable analyses, those with chronic infection had 1.9\u2010fold (95% CI 1.1\u20103.3) increased hazard of all\u2010cause mortality and 13.3\u2010fold (95% CI 3.9\u201045.5) increased hazard of liver\u2010related mortality compared to uninfected. Predictors of all\u2010cause mortality among chronic infection included heavy alcohol use (HR 18.3, 95% CI 3.3\u2010100.6) and higher alanine aminotransferase (HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00\u20101.03).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mortality among adults living with chronic hepatitis B infection still exceeds that of uninfected despite availability of improved therapeutics. Identification of chronic infection, initiation of treatment among eligible and modulation of co\u2010factors for disease progression are needed to improve survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T18:33:34Z","timestamp":1589999614000},"page":"382-389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Mortality in adults with chronic hepatitis B infection in the United States: a population\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8554-2906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kali","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Dodge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Grab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduard","family":"Poltavskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA USA"},{"name":"University of California, Davis Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4143-1950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norah A.","family":"Terrault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30579-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24804"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13548"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.02.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-156-4-201202210-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30161"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22181"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy598"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.2013\u20132014 Data documentation codebook and frequencies \u201cHepatitis B: core antibody surface antigen and Hepatitis D antibody (HEPBD_H)\u201d.2015;2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.106.25.3143"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics.Office of analysis and epidemiology. 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