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Serial measurements of gut microbial community composition and bacterial abundance were derived from 16S rRNA sequences. Linear discriminant analysis of effect size (LEfSe) was tested for between\u2010arm differences in bacterial abundance. Mixed\u2010effect regression with binomial distribution estimated the effect of aspirin use on changes in the relative abundance of individual bacterial taxa via an interaction term (treatment\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0time).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over the study period, there were differences in microbial composition in the aspirin <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> placebo arm. After treatment, four taxa were differentially abundant across arms: <jats:italic>Prevotella, Veillonella, Clostridium XlVa<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Clostridium XVIII<\/jats:italic> clusters. Of pre\u2010specified bacteria associated with CRC (n\u00a0=\u00a08) or aspirin intake (n\u00a0=\u00a04) in published studies, interactions were significant for four taxa, suggesting relative increases in <jats:italic>Akkermansia, Prevotella<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ruminococcaceae<\/jats:italic> and relative decreases in <jats:italic>Parabacteroides, Bacteroides<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Dorea<\/jats:italic> in the aspirin <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> placebo arm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to placebo, aspirin intake influenced several microbial taxa (<jats:italic>Ruminococcaceae, Clostridium XlVa, Parabacteroides<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Dorea<\/jats:italic>) in a direction consistent with a priori hypothesis based on their association with CRC. This suggests that aspirin may influence CRC development through an effect on the gut microbiome. The findings need replication in a larger trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,8]],"date-time":"2020-08-08T17:01:10Z","timestamp":1596906070000},"page":"976-987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Randomised clinical study: oral aspirin 325\u00a0mg daily vs placebo alters gut microbial composition and bacterial taxa associated with colorectal cancer risk"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5924-6871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna E.","family":"Prizment","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2309-0083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Staley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume C.","family":"Onyeaghala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sithara","family":"Vivek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bharat","family":"Thyagarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Straka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan T.","family":"Demmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minneapolis MN USA"},{"name":"New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Knights","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie A.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aasma","family":"Shaukat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Sadowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy R.","family":"Church","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"USPSTF.Final Update Summary: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Preventive Medication.: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. 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