{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:33:24Z","timestamp":1790836404585,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]],"date-time":"2020-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF\u20102018M3A9E8023861"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF\u20102018M3A9E8023861"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF\u20102019R1C1C1004580"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF\u20102019R1C1C1004580"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Severe alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is the most aggressive form of alcohol\u2010related liver disease with high mortality. The microbiome is an emerging therapeutic target in alcohol\u2010related liver disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the microbiome composition in patients with severe AH, and to determine microbiome recovery after rifaximin treatment in gut bacteria and bacteria derived\u2010extracellular vesicles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We enrolled 24 patients with severe AH and 24 healthy controls. Additional faecal samples were collected after 4\u00a0weeks in 8 patients with severe AH who completed rifaximin treatment. Treatment response was defined based on Lille score model after 7\u00a0days of treatment. Metagenomic profiling was performed using 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Faecal microbiomes of patients with severe AH had lower alpha diversity and higher beta diversity than those of healthy controls in both gut bacteria and extracellular vesicles. Bacilli, Lactobacillales and <jats:italic>Veillonella<\/jats:italic> were significantly increased in the gut bacteria of patients with severe AH, and <jats:italic>Veillonella, Veillonella parvula<\/jats:italic> group and Lactobacillales were significantly increased in the extracellular vesicles of patients with severe AH. <jats:italic>Eubacterium_g23, Oscillibacter<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Clostridiales<\/jats:italic> decreased in the gut bacteria of patients with severe AH, and <jats:italic>Eubacterium_g23, Oscillibacter<\/jats:italic> and Christensenellaceae decreased in the extracellular vesicles of patients with severe AH. After rifaximin treatment, 17 taxa in the gut bacteria and 23 taxa in extracellular vesicles were significantly restored in patients with severe AH. In common, <jats:italic>Veillonella<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Veillonella parvula<\/jats:italic> group increased in patients with severe AH and decreased after rifaximin treatment, and <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic> and Prevotellaceae decreased in patients with severe AH and increased after rifaximin treatment. Treatment non\u2010responders showed a significantly lower abundance of <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic> at baseline than did treatment responders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dysbiosis was confirmed in severe AH but was alleviated by rifaximin treatment. Taxa associated with severe AH can be candidate biomarkers or therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,3]],"date-time":"2023-09-03T05:35:30Z","timestamp":1693719330000},"page":"540-551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Microbiome as a potential diagnostic and predictive biomarker in severe alcoholic hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6862-1896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soon Sun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2461-6702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung Woo","family":"Eun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4792-8335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyo Jung","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Do Seon","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine St. Vincent's Hospital College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Suwon South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang Wook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Uijeongbu South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Seok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine Bucheon South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Won","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Bucheon South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon\u2010Keun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of MD Healthcare Inc. 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