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Compared to participants with no history of IMD, the HRs of CD for those with 1 and\u00a0\u2265\u00a02 IMDs were 2.57 (95% CI 1.77\u20103.74) and 2.74 (95% CI 1.36 to 5.49), respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). This association was only modestly attenuated by adjustment for environmental risk factors (HR 2.35 and 2.46, respectively). The risk of UC was not increased, with multivariable\u2010adjusted HRs of 1.22 (95% CI 0.85\u20101.76) and 1.33 (95% CI 0.67\u20102.65) for those with 1 and\u00a0\u2265\u00a02 IMDs, respectively, compared to those with none (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub> 0.16) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>heterogeneity<\/jats:sub> comparing CD and UC 0.037). Asthma, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and rosacea were individually associated with higher risk of CD (HR ranging from 2.15 to 3.39) but not UC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individuals with one or more IMDs are at an increased risk for CD but not UC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T18:51:57Z","timestamp":1611341517000},"page":"598-607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Immune\u2010mediated diseases and risk of Crohn\u2019s disease or ulcerative colitis: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Chun\u2010Han","family":"Lo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7956-6941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamed","family":"Khalili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Lochhead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily W.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2536-5538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin E.","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew T.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of 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