{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:15:06Z","timestamp":1791890106976,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Azathioprine and mercaptopurine are considered safe during pregnancy. However, the pharmacokinetic effects of pregnancy on thiopurine metabolism are undefined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To characterise thiopurine metabolism in pregnancy and measure infant metabolite levels and outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women with IBD who were taking a thiopurine and pregnant or trying to conceive were recruited. Maternal thiopurine metabolites were measured pre\u2010conception, in each trimester, at delivery and post\u2010partum. Infant metabolite levels, full blood examination and liver function testing were performed at birth, and repeated until levels undetectable and haematological and biochemical abnormalities resolved.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty patients were included with measurements on at least two occasions, and two with only mother\u2010baby levels at delivery. The median maternal 6\u2010TGN level dropped in the second trimester compared with post\u2010partum (179.0 vs 323.5\u00a0pmol\/8\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup> RBCs, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and the median 6\u2010MMP level increased in the second trimester compared with post\u2010partum (1103.0 vs 329.5\u00a0pmol\/8\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup> RBCs, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). At delivery, the median 6\u2010TGN level was lower in infants (n\u00a0=\u00a020) than mothers (78.5 vs 217\u00a0pmol\/8\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup> RBCs) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Metabolites were not detected at 6\u00a0weeks in any infants. Anaemia was not seen, but thrombocytosis and abnormal liver biochemistry were detected in 80% of infants from 6\u00a0weeks, which gradually improved.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>6\u2010TGN levels decrease and 6\u2010MMP levels increase in the second trimester of pregnancy. Infants are exposed to thiopurine metabolites at low levels with clearance by 6\u00a0weeks and no anaemia. The cause of infant thrombocytosis and abnormal liver biochemistry in the absence of metabolites is unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T06:30:15Z","timestamp":1693549815000},"page":"810-820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Maternal thiopurine metabolism during pregnancy in inflammatory bowel disease and clearance of thiopurine metabolites and outcomes in exposed neonates"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3911-4780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Flanagan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily K.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winita","family":"Hardikar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2527-8044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miles P.","family":"Sparrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William R.","family":"Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3319-7199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael A.","family":"Kamm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"De Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven J.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthea","family":"Greenway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Vic. 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Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"PICCOLO Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21458"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(00)70140-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jju006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.02.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.430"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.222893"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12334"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-303615"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","unstructured":"Royal Children\u2019s Hospital Melbourne Australia. 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