{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T18:55:47Z","timestamp":1767898547412,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In addition to its morbidities, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has a major financial burden on patients and healthcare systems. However, there is a paucity of evidence on IBD\u2010attributable costs in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the trends of IBD\u2010attributable direct costs over time using a population\u2010based analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were extracted from Manitoba Health Provider Claims and other population registry datasets from 1995 to 2017. Children with IBD were matched by age, sex and location with children without IBD. IBD\u2010attributable direct costs were calculated using utilization counts from the administrative data and cost estimates from different sources. Inpatient hospitalisation and outpatient procedure costs were estimated using the resource intensity weight (RIW) that is attached to each record in the data. Costs were expressed in Canadian dollars.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 733 (428 with Crohn's disease) prevalent cases who were diagnosed with IBD before the age of 18\u00a0years and were followed for 2450 person\u2010years. A matched control group of 6763 persons who were followed for 21\u00a0558 person\u2010years was included. The median annual costs of physician services billed per patient increased from $381 (IQR 215\u20101064) in 1995 to $936 (IQR 579\u20101932) in 2017 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). The annual medication costs per patient increased from a median of $270 in 1995 to $7944 in 2017 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). The median annual direct cost per patient was $1810 in 2004 as compared to $14\u00a0791 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001) in 2017.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over two decades, there was a significant increase in the paediatric IBD\u2010attributable direct costs mainly driven by medication costs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T04:32:05Z","timestamp":1693542725000},"page":"1201-1208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Trends in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease\u2010attributable direct costs: a population\u2010based analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6417-7583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wael","family":"El\u2010Matary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada"},{"name":"IBD Clinical and Research Center University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zoann","family":"Nugent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBD Clinical and Research Center University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Witt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8041-3574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles N.","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBD Clinical and Research Center University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jcag\/gwy052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2007.00210.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jcag\/gwy055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jcag\/gwy050"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"134","article-title":"Trends of utilization of tumor necrosis factor antagonists in children with inflammatory bowel disease: a Canadian population\u2010based study","volume":"26","author":"El\u2010Matary W","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000525"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.188383"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz120"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009735"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","volume-title":"Guidance document for the costing of health care resources in the Canadian setting","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","unstructured":"Statistics Canada.Table 18\u201010\u20100005\u201001 Consumer Price Index annual average not seasonally adjusted.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25318\/1810000501\u2010eng"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.01845.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000503"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2012.03.739"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-303376"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"635","article-title":"Health care cost for children newly diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"26","author":"Fondell AW","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e318281f4f1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjz096"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15889"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21591"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","unstructured":"Patented Medicine Prices Review Board: Market Intelligence Report: Biologic Response Modifier Agents.2015.http:\/\/www.pmprb\u2010cepmb.gc.ca\/view.asp?ccid51286&ang5en. Accessed October 25 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"A budget impact model for biosimilar infliximab in Crohn's disease in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia","volume":"16","author":"Brodszky V","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","volume-title":"The cost savings potential of biosimilar drugs in the United States [Internet]","author":"Mulcahy AW","year":"2014"}],"container-title":["Alimentary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apt.16358","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T04:32:27Z","timestamp":1693542747000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apt.16358"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apt.16358"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.16358","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-2813","1365-2036"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-2813","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2036","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-01-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-04-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}