{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T13:39:43Z","timestamp":1791725983078,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 2019, the United States Food and Drug Administration detected above\u2010regulation levels of the human carcinogen N\u2010nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in ranitidine, resulting in a complete removal of the medication from the market. NDMA is known to cause gastrointestinal malignancies in animal models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine if patients who were receiving ranitidine have a higher risk of developing cancers of the digestive tract compared to patients taking other anti\u2010reflux medications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using the nationwide database IBM Explorys, patients taking ranitidine were compared to patients on either famotidine or omeprazole. Incidence data of new malignancies of the oesophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, and colon\/rectum were obtained in 1\u2010year intervals for up to 10\u00a0years. Two multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs), one adjusting for common risk factors for each cancer studied, and the other for demographic factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients on ranitidine who were compared to patients on famotidine had ORs of 0.51(95% CI 0.43\u20100.60), 0.43(95% CI 0.36\u20100.51), 0.39(95% CI 0.36\u20100.41), 0.54(95% CI 0.49\u20100.62), and 0.46(95% CI 0.43\u20100.49) of developing oesophageal, gastric, hepatocellular, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Patients on ranitidine compared to omeprazole had ORs of 0.62(95% CI 0.52\u20100.72), 0.58(95% CI 0.49\u20100.68), 0.81 (95% CI 0.76\u20100.86), 0.68(95% CI 0.60\u20100.76), and 0.66(95% CI 0.62\u20100.70) of developing oesophageal, gastric, hepatocellular, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Use of ranitidine was not associated with an increased odds of developing gastrointestinal malignancies compared to omeprazole or famotidine use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T11:45:19Z","timestamp":1626090319000},"page":"606-615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["No association between chronic use of ranitidine, compared with omeprazole or famotidine, and gastrointestinal malignancies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4958-6255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeseong D.","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine MetroHealth Medical Center Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiasheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine MetroHealth Medical Center Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahmi","family":"Shibli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology The Oesophageal and Swallowing Center Case Western Reserve University MetroHealth Medical Center Cleveland OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamrine E.","family":"Poels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Ganocy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Management and Statistical Analysis Unit Mood Disorders Program University Hospitals Case Medical Center Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronnie","family":"Fass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology The Oesophageal and Swallowing Center Case Western Reserve University MetroHealth Medical Center Cleveland OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11597300-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4178"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"205","article-title":"Contemporary medical therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease","volume":"55","author":"Fass R","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198312013092206"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1986.tb02955.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-198224040-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)91146-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.23.10.819"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"WoodcockJ.Statement on new testing results including low levels of impurities in ranitidine drugs. 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