{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T13:57:25Z","timestamp":1790517445513,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11-12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]],"date-time":"2021-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rumination syndrome is a functional gastroduodenal disorder characterised by effortless regurgitation of recently ingested food. Emerging evidence reports duodenal eosinophilic inflammation in a subset, suggesting a shared pathophysiology with functional dyspepsia (FD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the clinical features of rumination syndrome and FD in a community\u2010based study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We mailed a survey assessing gastrointestinal symptoms, diet and psychological symptoms to 9835 residents of Olmsted County, MN, USA in 2017\u20102018; diagnostic codes were obtained from linked clinical records. The two disorders were assessed as mutually exclusive in \u2018pure\u2019 forms with a separate overlap group, all compared to a control group not meeting criteria for either. Prevalence of associations, and univariate and independent associations with predictors were assessed by logistic regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prevalence of rumination syndrome and FD were 5.8% and 7.1%, respectively; the overlap was 3.83\u2010times more likely than expected by chance. Independent predictors for rumination (odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI)) were female gender (1.79, 1.21\u20102.63), smoking (1.89, 1.28\u20102.78), gluten\u2010free diet (1.58, 1.14\u20102.19), allergic rhinitis (1.45, 1.01\u20102.08) and depression (1.10, 1.05\u20101.16). FD was independently associated with female gender, depression, non\u2010coeliac wheat sensitivity, migraine, irritable bowel syndrome and somatic symptoms. A similar reported efficacy (\u226554%) of low fat or dairy\u2010free diets was found with both disorders (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.53 and<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.00, respectively). The strongest independent associations with overlapping FD and rumination syndrome were a history of rheumatoid arthritis (3.93, 1.28\u201012.06) and asthma (3.02, 1.44\u20106.34).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rumination syndrome overlaps with FD with a shared risk factor profile, suggesting a common pathophysiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]],"date-time":"2021-10-10T17:02:47Z","timestamp":1633885367000},"page":"1416-1431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Prevalence, symptoms and risk factor profile of rumination syndrome and functional dyspepsia: a population\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Mudar","family":"Zand Irani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medicine University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 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