{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T18:49:03Z","timestamp":1792435743383,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,30]],"date-time":"2022-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Artificial intelligence (AI) has recently been applied to endoscopy and questionnaires for the evaluation of oesophageal diseases (ODs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a systematic review with meta\u2010analysis to evaluate the performance of AI in the diagnosis of malignant and benign OD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, EMBASE Classic and the Cochrane Library. A bivariate random\u2010effect model was used to calculate pooled diagnostic efficacy of AI models and endoscopists. The reference tests were histology for neoplasms and the clinical and instrumental diagnosis for gastro\u2010oesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The pooled area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (AUROC), sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio (PLR and NLR) and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were estimated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>For the diagnosis of Barrett's neoplasia, AI had AUROC of 0.90, sensitivity 0.89, specificity 0.86, PLR 6.50, NLR 0.13 and DOR 50.53. AI models\u2019 performance was comparable with that of endoscopists (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.35). For the diagnosis of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, the AUROC, sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR and DOR were 0.97, 0.95, 0.92, 12.65, 0.05 and DOR 258.36, respectively. In this task, AI performed better than endoscopists although without statistically significant differences. In the detection of abnormal intrapapillary capillary loops, the performance of AI was: AUROC 0.98, sensitivity 0.94, specificity 0.94, PLR 14.75, NLR 0.07 and DOR 225.83. For the diagnosis of GERD based on questionnaires, the AUROC, sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR and DOR were 0.99, 0.97, 0.97, 38.26, 0.03 and 1159.6, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>AI demonstrated high performance in the clinical and endoscopic diagnosis of OD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T06:49:26Z","timestamp":1643611766000},"page":"528-540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Systematic review with meta\u2010analysis: artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of oesophageal diseases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6985-5301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierfrancesco","family":"Visaggi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit Department of 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University of Padova  Padova Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical Science University of Ferrara  Ferrara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Martinato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health University of Padova  Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesare","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4  20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital via Manzoni 56  20089 Rozzano, Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5646-8727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prateek","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kansas School of Medicine and VA Medical Center  Kansas City Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3187-2894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo","family":"Savarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology University of Padova  Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1995-1060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"de Bortoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery University of Pisa  Pisa 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