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Phase one (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a054) was a run\u2010in phase where the participants lived gluten\u2010free for 2\u2009weeks. If they improved they continued to phase 2 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a033), a blinded randomised cross\u2010over trial. Participants were blindly randomised either to start with 7\u2009days of gluten, eating two granola bars containing 10\u00a0g of gluten or to 7\u2009days on placebo, eating two granola bars without gluten, followed by the reverse and separated by a 7\u2010day washout period. The effects of the intervention on gastrointestinal symptoms and mental health symptoms were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 54\/273 participants entered the run\u2010in phase and 35 were eligible for randomization. A total of 33 were randomised and 32 completed the trial. The median age was 20.3 (IQR 19.2\u201320.9) and 32\/33 participants were females. Compared with a placebo, gluten did not induce gastrointestinal symptoms. The difference in the average VAS was \u22120.01 (95% confidence interval\u2009\u22122.07 to 2.05). Nor did we find a difference in the outcomes measuring mental health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with placebo, adding gluten to the diet did not induce gastrointestinal symptoms or worsened mental health in adolescents recruited from a population\u2010based cohort. The trial registration number is NCT04639921.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16914","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T06:23:52Z","timestamp":1648621432000},"page":"1116-1127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The effect of gluten in adolescents and young adults with gastrointestinal symptoms: a blinded randomised cross\u2010over trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7526-8843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caecilie","family":"Crawley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hans Christian Andersen Children\u2019s Hospital Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark  Odense 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