{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T08:27:58Z","timestamp":1773476878735,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Information regarding the impact of paternal inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) medications on child outcomes is scarce.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the risk of childhood infections associated with fathers' use of anti\u2010inflammatory\/immunosuppressive medications taken before conception.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a nationwide cohort study based on Danish health registries, comprising all live\u2010born singleton children born between January 1997 and February 2019 who were fathered by men with IBD. Exposed cohorts included children fathered by men treated with 5\u2010aminosalicylates (5\u2010ASAs), thiopurines, corticosteroids or anti\u2010tumour necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (anti\u2010TNF\u2010\u03b1) agents within 3 months before conception. The unexposed cohort included children not exposed to paternal IBD medications. Outcomes were the first infection, diagnosed in the hospital setting in the first year of life, and from the age of 1 to 3\u2009years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all, 2178 children were fathered by men exposed to 5\u2010ASAs, 843 to thiopurines, 417 to systemic corticosteroids and 436 to anti\u2010TNF\u2010\u03b1 agents; 6799 children were unexposed. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for infections within the first year of life for 5\u2010ASAs was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.66\u20130.91), thiopurines 0.89 (95% CI, 0.73\u20131.09), systemic corticosteroids 0.95 (95% CI, 0.70\u20131.29), and anti\u2010TNF\u2010\u03b1 agents 1.17 (95% CI, 0.94\u20131.46). The aHR for infections from 1 to 3\u2009years for 5\u2010ASAs was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.83\u20131.13), thiopurines 0.87 (95% CI, 0.71\u20131.07), systemic corticosteroids 1.25 (95% CI, 0.94\u20131.65), and anti\u2010TNF\u2010\u03b1 agents 0.79 (95% CI, 0.60\u20131.03).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fathers' use of anti\u2010inflammatory\/immunosuppressive medications before conception was not significantly associated with childhood infections. These results fill an important research gap regarding paternal medication safety.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T07:39:04Z","timestamp":1656574744000},"page":"823-830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Paternal use of medications for inflammatory bowel disease and the risk of hospital\u2010diagnosed infections in the offspring: a nationwide cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2720-4404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Friedman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Crohn's and Colitis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston Massachusetts and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, and Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6062-1488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olav Sivertsen","family":"Garvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, and Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7634-6812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, and Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9514-3033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bente Mertz","family":"N\u00f8rg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crohn's and Colitis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston Massachusetts and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, and Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmaa022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.04.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40471-017-0098-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-015-0067-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.0291"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15320"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12336"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201300113"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12857"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2017.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-312123"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.405"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2017.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S91125"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494811401482"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"320","article-title":"The Danish medical birth registry","volume":"45","author":"Knudsen LB","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dan Med Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(96)00018-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"798","article-title":"Data resource profile: the Danish National Prescription Registry","volume":"46","author":"Pottegard A","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810394717"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-014-9930-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","first-page":"441","article-title":"The Danish civil registration system. 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