{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:44:44Z","timestamp":1787013884073,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRU306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRU306"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a progressive bile duct disease associated with inflammatory bowel disease (PSC\u2010IBD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate whether patients with PSC\u2010IBD benefit from a gluten\u2010free and amylase trypsin inhibitor (ATI)\u2010free diet (GFD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a prospective clinical pilot study administering an eight\u2010week GFD. The primary outcomes were colonic inflammation assessed by proctosigmoidoscopy, and liver stiffness (surrogate for fibrosis, inflammation and cholestasis) measured by transient elastography before and after GFD. Amongst the secondary (exploratory) outcomes were colonic mucosal and serum cytokine\/chemokine changes, the intestinal microbiome and transcriptome dynamics, and shifts in serum markers of hepatic fibrogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifteen patients with PSC\u2010IBD completed the study. The study did not meet its primary outcome: the endoscopic score and liver stiffness remained unchanged. However, the expression of pro\u2010inflammatory mucosal cytokines and chemokines such as IL6, IL8, CCL2, and TNF\u03b1 was significantly down\u2010regulated. Two critical markers of liver fibrosis and matrix remodelling, thrombospondin\u20102 and \u20104, decreased significantly. The microbiota composition changed slightly, including a decrease in the pathogen\n                      <jats:italic>Romboutsia ilealis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The intestinal transcriptome indicated a gut barrier improvement. Pruritus, fatigue, overall well\u2010being, faecal calprotectin levels, and serum alkaline phosphatase did not change significantly.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study did not demonstrate a clinical improvement with short\u2010term GFD in patients with PSC\u2010IBD. However, a gluten\/ATI\u2010free diet may improve biomarkers of intestinal inflammation and barrier function in these patients with associated changes in the enteric microbiota. Further investigation of the therapeutic potential of the GFD in PSC\u2010IBD is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T01:11:57Z","timestamp":1666314717000},"page":"224-236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["A prospective pilot study of a gluten\u2010free diet for primary sclerosing cholangitis and associated colitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1041-9142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timur","family":"Liwinski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"},{"name":"Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS) University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK) Basel, University of Basel  Basel 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