{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:30:29Z","timestamp":1790371829592,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001407","name":"Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BT\/PR27792\/BRB\/10\/1668\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/PR27792\/BRB\/10\/1668\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroconversion is sometimes observed in hepatitis B reactivation (rHBV), probably due to immune resetting and differentiation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate sequential immune differentiation and abrogation of tolerance in patients with rHBV who achieved HBsAg seroconversion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 19 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHBV; HBV DNA log10<jats:sup>3\u20108<\/jats:sup>), 67 with rHBV (raised ALT [&gt;5XULN], HBV DNAlog10<jats:sup>4\u20108<\/jats:sup>) and 10 healthy controls. Immune differentiation, tolerance and functional status of CD4, CD8, T regulatory cells (Tregs), B cells and follicular T helper (Tfh) cells were assessed at baseline and 24\u2009weeks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At 24\u2009weeks, 81% rHBV (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a067) lost HBV DNA and HBeAg (41%), and 12 (19%) lost HBsAg and made anti\u2010HBs titers &gt;10\u00a0IU\/ml. rHBV patients had higher Th1\/17, T<jats:sub>EM<\/jats:sub>, Tfh, Tfh1\/17, plasma and ATM B cells, and lower Tregs, Th2, Th17 and TEMRA expression. rHBV showed lower PD1, TIM3, LAG3, SLAM and TOX compared to CHBV. There was a significant increase in CD8, CD8EM, Tfh, Tfh1\/17 and plasma B cells in seroconverters than non\u2010seroconverters. At 24\u2009weeks, we also observed increased plasma B cell frequency in seroconverters. While non\u2010seroconverters showed higher expression of PD1, TIM3, LAG3, SLAM and TOX on CD4\/CD8 T cells, blockade of PD1, TIM3, LAG3 and CTLA4 significantly enhanced IFN\u2010\u03b3, TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20104 and IL\u201021 expression on CD4\/CD8 and Tfh cells in non\u2010seroconverters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010seroconverters have increased inhibitory markers on CD4\/CD8 T cells. There is a critical play of CD8, Tfh and B cells and subsets in seroclearance, along with checkpoint molecules as a potential therapy for non\u2010seroconverters in HBV infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T06:57:35Z","timestamp":1669100255000},"page":"689-708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Immune predictors of hepatitis B surface antigen seroconversion in patients with hepatitis B reactivation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7219-9686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mojahidul","family":"Islam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Molecular and Cellular Medicine Institute of Liver &amp; Biliary Sciences  New Delhi 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