{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T04:46:50Z","timestamp":1789015610430,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with pre\u2010existing cirrhosis and COVID\u201019 may have a poor prognosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the temporal trends in aetiology\u2010based hospitalisations and potential predictors of in\u2010hospital mortality during hospitalisation with cirrhosis before and during the COVID\u201019 pandemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on the US National Inpatient Sample 2019\u20132020, we determined quarterly trends in aetiology\u2010based hospitalisations with cirrhosis and decompensated cirrhosis, and identified predictors of in\u2010hospital mortality during hospitalisation with cirrhosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analysed 316,418 hospitalisations, representing 1,582,090 hospitalisations with cirrhosis. Hospitalisations for cirrhosis increased at a relatively higher rate during the COVID\u201019 era. Hospitalisation rates for alcohol\u2010related liver disease (ALD)\u2010related cirrhosis increased significantly (quarterly percentage change [QPC]: 3.6%, 95% CI: 2.2%\u20135.1%), with a notably higher rate during the COVID\u201019 era. In contrast, hospitalisation rates for hepatitis C virus (HCV)\u2010related cirrhosis decreased steadily with a trend of \u22121.4% of QPC (95% CI: \u22122.5% to \u22120.1%). Quarterly trends in the proportion of ALD\u2010 (QPC: 1.7%, 95% CI: 0.9%\u20132.6%) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease\u2010related (QPC: 0.7%, 95% CI: 0.1%\u20131.2%) hospitalisations with cirrhosis increased significantly but declined steadily for viral hepatitis. The COVID\u201019 era and COVID\u201019 infection were independent predictors of in\u2010hospital mortality during hospitalisation with cirrhosis and decompensated cirrhosis. Compared with HCV\u2010related cirrhosis, ALD\u2010related cirrhosis was associated with a 40% higher risk of in\u2010hospital mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In\u2010hospital mortality in cirrhosis was higher in the COVID\u201019 era than in the pre\u2010COVID\u201019 era. ALD is the leading aetiology\u2010specific cause of in\u2010hospital mortality in cirrhosis with an independent detrimental impact of COVID\u201019 infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T04:10:49Z","timestamp":1684210249000},"page":"218-228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Trends in aetiology\u2010based hospitalisation for cirrhosis before and during the <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 pandemic in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1919-6800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donghee","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7716-6824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brandon J.","family":"Perumpail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics St. Christopher's Hospital for Children  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6232-6343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karn","family":"Wijarnpreecha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Arizona College of Medicine  Phoenix Arizona USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Banner University Medical Center  Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7348-8081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richie","family":"Manikat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5335-8426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Cholankeril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Center, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Michael E DeBakey Department of General Surgery Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3609-8586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aijaz","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15381"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"WHO.WHO Coronavirus (COVID\u201019) Dashboard. 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