{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T20:03:06Z","timestamp":1791662586143,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,4]],"date-time":"2024-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015766","name":"Danone Nutricia Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015766","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study (RFGES) found that 40.3% of adults in 26 internet\u2010surveyed countries met Rome IV criteria for disorders of gut\u2013brain interaction (DGBI). However, additional people not meeting DGBI criteria may also be burdened by frequent gastrointestinal symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the prevalence and demographic distribution of sub\u2010diagnostic gastrointestinal symptoms, and the hypothesised associated effects on quality of life (QoL), life functioning and healthcare needs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analysed data from the RFGES survey, which included the Rome IV diagnostic questionnaire and QoL, psychological, work productivity and healthcare questions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 50,033 people without a history of organic gastrointestinal disorders, 25.3% classified in the sub\u2010diagnostic group (no DGBI but one or more frequent gastrointestinal symptoms), 41.4% had DGBI and 33.4% had no frequent gastrointestinal symptoms (non\u2010GI group). Sub\u2010diagnostic prevalence in different world regions ranged from 22.2% (North America) to 30.5% (Middle East), was slightly higher among males than females and decreased with age. The sub\u2010diagnostic group was intermediate between the non\u2010GI and DGBI groups, and significantly different from both of them on QoL, anxiety, depression, somatisation, healthcare utilisation and life and work impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One in four adults without organic gastrointestinal disorders or DGBI report frequent gastrointestinal symptoms. This sub\u2010diagnostic group has reduced QoL, greater psychological and non\u2010GI bodily symptoms, impaired work productivity and life activities and greater healthcare use compared to non\u2010GI individuals. This suggests that many in this sub\u2010diagnostic group might benefit from healthcare services or symptom self\u2010management advice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T00:44:04Z","timestamp":1707093844000},"page":"852-864","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Worldwide population prevalence and impact of sub\u2010diagnostic gastrointestinal symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4480-3708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olafur S.","family":"Palsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Tack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA) KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas A.","family":"Drossman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and CEO of the Rome Foundation  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3892-9045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boris","family":"Le\u00a0Nev\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danone Nutricia Research  Gif\u2010sur\u2010Yvette France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Quinquis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danone Nutricia Research  Gif\u2010sur\u2010Yvette France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rim","family":"Hassouna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danone Nutricia Research  Gif\u2010sur\u2010Yvette France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4989-6066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannah","family":"Ruddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rome Foundation  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn B.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rome Foundation  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7634-3689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ami D.","family":"Sperber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev  Beer\u2010Sheva 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ultra\u2010brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: the PHQ\u20134","volume":"50","author":"Kroenke K","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200203000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-199304050-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.02.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.05.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen J","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.11.019"}],"container-title":["Alimentary Pharmacology &amp; 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