{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T15:36:56Z","timestamp":1781883416984,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data about the safety of allopurinol in pregnant women are sparsely reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome and congenital abnormalities after in utero exposure to allopurinol in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pregnancies and in general.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We collected safety data of patients with IBD who were treated with allopurinol during pregnancy between January 2013 and March 2022. Additionally, we performed a systematic review about the teratogenic potential of allopurinol.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We collected data from 42 allopurinol\u2010exposed pregnancies, including one twin pregnancy; in all women, allopurinol was combined with a thiopurine. Six pregnancies (14.3%) resulted in miscarriage and one in stillbirth at 32\u2009weeks. A congenital anomaly was observed in one newborn (coarctation of the aorta discovered postpartum). Three pregnancies, including the twin pregnancy, ended in moderate preterm delivery and one in very preterm delivery. Five neonates (15.2%) were small for gestational age. From our literature search, we identified an additional 102 allopurinol\u2010exposed pregnancies resulting in 129 live births, including 36 infants from our cohort. Ten infants (7.8%) were born with a congenital anomaly. Two (1.6%) had a comparable pattern of multiple anomalies. The systematic review sub\u2010analysis including only infants born to mothers with IBD (n\u2009=\u200976) revealed that 2.6% of infants had congenital anomalies after in utero exposure to a low dose of allopurinol.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, the teratogenicity of allopurinol remains inconclusive. Children conceived by mothers treated for IBD with allopurinol\/thiopurine co\u2010therapy do not seem to have an increased risk of congenital anomalies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.18126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T12:46:03Z","timestamp":1720615563000},"page":"503-518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Multicentre study and systematic review: Allopurinol exposure during pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8755-9146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Femke","family":"Crouwel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melek","family":"Simsek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjon A.","family":"de Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction &amp; Development Research Institute  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk P.","family":"van Asseldonk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep  Alkmaar The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abha","family":"Bhalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology HagaZiekenhuis  Den Haag The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelique L. M.","family":"Weusthuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Deventer Ziekenhuis  Deventer The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lennard P. L.","family":"Gilissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Catharina Hospital Eindhoven  Eindhoven The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Verburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Haaglanden Medisch Centrum  Den Haag The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wout G. N.","family":"Mares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Ziekenhuis Gelderse Vallei  Ede The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bindia","family":"Jharap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Meander Medisch Centrum  Amersfoort The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan P.","family":"Kuijvenhoven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Spaarne Gasthuis  Haarlem The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bas","family":"Oldenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology UMC Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans J. C.","family":"Buiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centre Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3070-8950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mette","family":"Julsgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Health Aarhus University  Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanne K.","family":"de Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(66)90163-8"},{"issue":"59","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"1799","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of gout","volume":"1999","author":"Pittman JR","year":"1810","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M13-2908"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.0177"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101332"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02583.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12223"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.23021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15402"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjac115"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2018.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"SpecialistenFM.Miskraam 2020.2022[cited 28\u201009\u20102022]. Available from:https:\/\/richtlijnendatabase.nl\/richtlijn\/miskraam\/startpagina_\u2010_miskraam.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.12.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60932-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16593"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(77)90830-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"226","article-title":"Pregnancy and von Gierke's disease","volume":"47","author":"Farber M","year":"1976","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066637"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","first-page":"A392","article-title":"Management of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a 26\u2010year\u2010old primigravida","volume":"29","author":"Theodora M","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-13-172"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.34139"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2023.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.22865"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106271"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-5198(19)31688-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","unstructured":"Product information Zyloprim.2023[cited 27\u201002\u20102023]. Available from:https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2018\/016084s044lbl.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-325317"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.11.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","unstructured":"Eurocat data: prevalence charts and tables. Available from:https:\/\/eu\u2010rd\u2010platform.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/eurocat\/eurocat\u2010data\/prevalence_en"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-319129"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","first-page":"128","article-title":"National audit: assessing the use and safety of allopurinol thiopurine co\u2010therapy in pregnant females with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"31","author":"Beswick L","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjv072"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1556743"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2007.132"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.501"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092074"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjac183"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","unstructured":"Dutch Birth Registry (Perined).2022[cited 2023 March 7]. Available from:www.peristat.nl"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","volume-title":"Small for gestational age, in StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing Copyright \u00a9 2023","author":"Osuchukwu OO","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2009.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00179999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2014.920913"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2008.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2005.00420.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-5379(83)90051-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32608"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","first-page":"S39","article-title":"Chemotherapy in treatment of non\u2010Hodgkin's lymphoma in pregnancy","volume":"97","author":"Brown ML","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(79)90420-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2011.01414.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmd2.12295"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfab083.0019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","first-page":"324","article-title":"Multiple drug chemotherapy in the management of acute lymphocytic leukemia during pregnancy","volume":"48","author":"Krueger JA","year":"1976","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"A successful pregnancy in glycogen storage disease type1b","volume":"22","author":"Levin L","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Metab Diabetes S Afr"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP71080"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.11.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000207676"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","first-page":"44","article-title":"Trend of hepatic adenomas during pregnancy in two patients affected by glycogen storage disease","volume":"98","author":"Paci S","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Genet Metab"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Retrospective assessment of the use of pharmacotherapeutic agents in pregnancy with potential impact on neonatal health","volume":"69","author":"Podolsk\u00e1 K","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Pharmaceut J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-012-9490-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.22945"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000369999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1482.119305"}],"container-title":["Alimentary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apt.18126","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T06:00:19Z","timestamp":1721714419000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apt.18126"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apt.18126"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.18126","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-2813","1365-2036"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-2813","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2036","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}